Italian Tripolitania

Italian Tripolitania
Tripolitania Italiana
1927–1934
Flag Coat of arms
Capital Tripoli
Languages Italian
Arabic
Religion Islam
Roman Catholicism
Government Colony
Historical era Interwar period
 •  Established 1927
 •  Disestablished 1934
Preceded by 		Succeeded by
Italian North Africa
Italian Libya

Italian Tripolitania was an Italian colony, located in present-day western Libya, that existed from 1927 to 1934. It was part of the Italian North African territory conquered from the Ottoman Empire in 1911. Italian Tripolitania included the western northern half of Libya, with Tripoli as its main city.

History

1913 map of Italian Tripolitania. Green indicates agricultural areas.

Italian Tripolitania, and Italian Cyrenaica, became independent colonial entities within Italian North Africa in 1927. In 1934, Italian Tripolitania and Cyrenaica became part of Italian Libya.

A large number of Italian colonists moved to Tripolitania in the late 1930s. These settlers went primarily to the area of Sahel al-Jefara, in Tripolitania, and in the capital Tripoli. In 1939 there were in all Tripolitania nearly 60,000 Italians, most living in Tripoli (whose population was nearly 40% Italian).[1] As a consequence, huge economic improvements arose in all coastal Tripolitania. For example, Italians created the Tripoli Grand Prix, an internationally renowned automobile race.[2]

In December 1934, individual freedom, inviolability of home and property, the right to join the military or civil administrations, and the right to freely pursue a career or employment were guaranteed to autochthonous Libyans (later called by Benito Mussolini "Moslem Italians").[3]

Postcard of Tripoli in 1934.

In 1937, northern Tripolitania was split into Tripoli Province and Misrata Province.

The Province of Tripoli (the most important in all Italian Libya) was subdivided into:

In 1943 the region was invaded and occupied by the Allies; this was the end of the Italian colonial presence.

Italy tried unsuccessfully to maintain the colony of Tripolitania after World War II, but in 1947 relinquished all Italian colonies in a peace treaty.

Infrastructure

In Italian Tripolitania were made many infrastructures by the Italians: the most important were the coastal road between Tripoli and Benghazi and the railways Tripoli-Zuara, Tripoli-Garian and Tripoli-Tagiura. Other important infrastructures were the enlargement of the port of Tripoli and the creation of the Tripoli airport.

A group of villages for Italians and Libyans were created on the coastal tripolitania during the 1930s.[4]

Main military and political developments

Notes

  1. ↑ Images of old Tripoli
  2. ↑ Video of Tripoli Grand Prix
  3. ↑ Sarti. The Ax within p 190
  4. ↑ Chapter Libya-Tripolitania (in Italian)
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 خليفة Kalifa Tillisi, “Mu’jam Ma’arik Al Jihad fi Libia1911-1931”, Dar Ath Thaqafa, Beirut, Lebanon, 1973.
  6. ↑ Habib W. El-Hesnawi, "The Story of the Libyans' Jihad (Resistance) Against Italian Colonialism 1911-1943", Markaz Jihad al Libiyeen dhid al Ghazw al Itali, 1988.
  7. ↑ Attilio Teruzzi, "Cirenaica Verdi", translated by Kalifa Tillisi, ad Dar al Arabiya lil Kitab, 1991.

Bibliography

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Italian Tripolitania.
This 1-lire airmail stamp, depicting an Arab horseman pointing to an airplane passing overhead, was used in 1931.

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