Chandra Levy

Chandra Levy

Senior portrait of Chandra Levy
Born Chandra Ann Levy
(1977-04-14)April 14, 1977
Cleveland, Ohio, United States
Disappeared May 1, 2001(2001-05-01) (aged 24)
Washington, D.C., United States
Body discovered May 22, 2002(2002-05-22)
Rock Creek Park, D.C.
Alma mater San Francisco State University
University of Southern California
Occupation Intern
Employer Federal Bureau of Prisons
Home town Modesto, California, United States
Parent(s) Robert and Susan Levy

Chandra Ann Levy (April 14, 1977 –– c. May 1, 2001) was an American intern at the Federal Bureau of Prisons in Washington, D.C., who disappeared in May 2001. She was presumed murdered after her skeletal remains were found in Rock Creek Park in May 2002. The case attracted attention from the American news media for years.

The police investigation revealed she was having an affair with Congressman Gary Condit, a married Democrat then serving his fifth term representing California's 18th congressional district, and a senior member of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Condit was never named as a suspect by police and was eventually cleared of involvement. However, due to the cloud of suspicion raised by the intense media focus on the missing intern and the later revelation of the affair, Condit lost his bid for re-election in 2002.

On March 3, 2009, D.C. authorities obtained a warrant to arrest Ingmar Guandique, an illegal immigrant from El Salvador. He had been convicted of assaulting two other women in Rock Creek Park around the time of Levy's disappearance. Prosecutors alleged that Guandique had attacked and tied up Levy in a remote area of the park and left her to die of dehydration or exposure. In November 2010 Guandique was convicted of murdering Levy; he was sentenced in February 2011 to 60 years in prison. In June 2015, Guandique was granted a new trial. On July 28, 2016, prosecutors announced that they would not proceed with the case against Guandique and would, instead, seek to have him deported.

Life and background

Levy interned at the central office of the Federal Bureau of Prisons in Washington, D.C.[1]

Levy was born in Cleveland, Ohio, to Robert and Susan Levy; the family moved to Modesto, California, where she attended Grace M. Davis High School. Her parents are members of Congregation Beth Shalom, a Conservative Jewish synagogue.[2] She attended San Francisco State University, where she earned a degree in journalism. After interning for the California Bureau of Secondary Education and working in the office of Los Angeles Mayor Richard Riordan, she began attending the University of Southern California to earn a master's degree in public administration.[3]

As part of her final semester of study, Levy moved to Washington, D.C., to become a paid intern with the Federal Bureau of Prisons.[3][4] In October 2000 she began her internship at the bureau's headquarters,[5] where she was assigned to the public affairs division.[6] Her supervisor, bureau spokesperson Dan Dunne, was impressed with Levy's work, especially her handling of media inquiries regarding the upcoming execution of Timothy McVeigh, convicted of bombing the Oklahoma City Federal Building.[4] Levy's internship was abruptly terminated in April 2001 because her academic eligibility was found to have expired in December 2000. She had already completed her master's degree requirements and was scheduled to return to California in May 2001 for graduation.[3]

Murder case

Disappearance and search

Police conducted preliminary searches around Klingle Mansion in 2001.[7]

Levy was last seen on May 1, 2001. The Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia was first alerted on May 6, when Levy's parents called from Modesto to report that they had not heard from their daughter in five days. Police called hospitals and visited Levy's apartment in Dupont Circle that day, finding no indication of foul play. On May 7, Levy's father told the police that his daughter had been having an affair with a U.S. congressman, and said the next day that he believed the congressman to be U.S. Representative Gary Condit. Levy's aunt also called the police and told them that Chandra had confided in her about the affair. Police obtained a warrant on May 10 to conduct a formal search of Levy's apartment. Investigators found her credit cards, identification and mobile phone left behind in her purse, along with partially packed suitcases. The answering machine was full, with messages left by her relatives and two from Condit. A police sergeant tried to examine Levy's laptop computer and inadvertently corrupted the internet search data, as he was not a trained technician.[7]

Computer experts took a month to reconstruct the data to determine that the laptop was used on the morning of May 1 to search for websites related to Amtrak, Baskin-Robbins, Condit, Southwest Airlines, and a weather report from The Washington Post. The last search at 12:24 p.m. was for the location of the Pierce-Klingle Mansion,[7] a historic house in Rock Creek Park that is used as the park's administrative office.[8] On July 25, 2001, three D.C. police sergeants and 28 police cadets searched along Glover Road in the park but failed to find evidence related to Levy. Later, a second attempt found nothing.[7]

Relationship with Condit

U.S. Representative Gary Condit (D-California).

Controversy surrounding Levy's disappearance drew the attention of the American news media.[9] Levy's parents and friends held numerous vigils and news conferences in an attempt to "bring Chandra home".[10][11][12] Condit, a married man who represented the congressional district in which the Levy family resided, at first denied that he had had an affair with her. Though police stated that Condit was not a suspect, Levy's family said they felt Condit was being evasive and possibly hiding information about the matter.[9]

Unidentified police sources alleged that Condit had admitted to an affair with Levy during an interview with law enforcement officers on July 7, 2001.[13][14] Condit described her to police as a vegetarian who avoided drinking and smoking. He thought that Levy was going to return to Washington, D.C. after her graduation and was surprised to find out that the lease on her apartment had ended.[9] Investigators searched Condit's apartment on July 10. They questioned flight attendant Anne Marie Smith, who claimed that Condit told her she did not need to speak to the Federal Bureau of Investigation about his personal life.[15] Federal officials began investigating Condit for possible obstruction of justice, as Smith was also involved in an affair with him. (She was not acquainted with Levy.)[16] Upset by leaks to the media, Condit refused to submit to a polygraph test by the D.C. police; his attorney asserted that Condit passed a test administered by a privately hired examiner on July 13. He avoided answering direct questions during a televised interview on August 23, with news anchor Connie Chung on the ABC News program Primetime Thursday.[9] Intensive coverage continued until news of the September 11 attacks superseded the media's coverage of the Levy case.[17]

In a nationwide Fox News/Opinion Dynamics poll of 900 registered voters conducted in July 2001, 44 percent of American respondents thought that Condit was involved in Levy's disappearance and 27 percent felt that he should resign. Fifty-one percent of the respondents believed that he was acting as if he were guilty; 13 percent felt that he should run again for office. A poll sample taken from Condit's congressional district held a more favorable view of Condit.[18] On March 5, 2002, Condit lost the Democratic primary election for his Congressional seat to his former aide, then-Assemblyman Dennis Cardoza,[19] with the Levy controversy being cited as a contributing factor.[9] He was subpoenaed to appear on April 1, 2002, before a District of Columbia grand jury investigating the disappearance. The date was kept a carefully guarded secret to avoid further leaks.[20] Condit left Congress at the end of his term on January 3, 2003.[21]

Discovery of remains

Red circle: Levy's body found
Blue circle: Pierce-Klingle Mansion
Black circle: Levy's apartment

On May 22, 2002 around 9:30 a.m., skeletal remains matching Levy's dental records were discovered by a man walking his dog and looking for turtles in Rock Creek Park, near Broad Branch Creek.[22] Detectives found bones and personal items scattered, but not buried, in a forested area along a steep incline.[23] A sports bra, sweat shirt, leggings and tennis shoes were among the evidence that was recovered. Though police had previously searched over half the 1,754-acre main section of the park (2.74 mi2, 7.10 km2), the wooded slope where Levy's remains were eventually found had not been searched, as it was very remote — about one mile (1.6 km) north of the Pierce-Klingle Mansion and about four miles (6 km) from Levy's apartment.

After a preliminary autopsy was performed, District of Columbia police announced that there was sufficient evidence to open a homicide investigation. On May 28, D.C. medical examiner Jonathan L. Arden officially declared Levy's death a homicide, but said, "There's less to work with here than I would like. It's possible we will never know specifically how she died."[24] Arden found damage to her hyoid bone, suggesting possible strangulation, but did not deem it to be conclusive evidence of such a cause of death.[25] On June 6, after the police completed their search, private investigators hired by the Levys found her shin bone with some twisted wire about 25 yards (23 m) from the other remains. Police chief Ramsey said, "It is unacceptable that these items were not located."[26]

Memorial services

On May 28, 2002, the Levy family organized a memorial service at the Modesto Centre Plaza that drew over 1,200 people, some from as far as Los Angeles.[27][28][29] Speakers at the 90-minute ceremony included Levy's brother, grandmother, great-aunt and friends.[30] In a eulogy delivered in Hebrew and English by Rabbi Paul Gordon, Levy was described as "a good person taken from us much too soon".[27] About a year later, on May 27, 2003, Levy's remains were buried in Lakewood Memorial Park Cemetery at Hughson, California, near her home town of Modesto. Attended by about 40 of Levy's friends and family members, the private ceremony concluded with the release of 12 white doves.[31]

Identification of the prime suspect

In September 2001, D.C. police and federal prosecutors were contacted by the lawyer of an informant, held in a D.C. jail, who claimed to have knowledge of Levy's killer. The informant, whose identity was protected for his safety, said that Ingmar Guandique, a 20-year-old illegal alien from El Salvador also being held in the jail, told him that Condit paid him $25,000 to kill Levy. Investigators ruled out the story about Condit, because Guandique had already admitted to assaulting two other women in the same park where Levy's remains were found.[17] Guandique failed to show up for work on the day of Levy's disappearance.[32] His former landlady recalled that his face appeared scratched and bruised at around that time.[33] The investigators on the Levy case did not interview the other Rock Creek Park victims.[34] Police chief Ramsey avoided calling Guandique a suspect and described him as a "person of interest",[35] telling reporters not to make "too big a deal" about him. Assistant chief Terrance W. Gainer said that if Guandique had been considered a suspect, D.C. police would have been after him "like flies on honey".[33]

Guandique was incarcerated at the U.S. Penitentiary, Victorville for assaults against two other women in Rock Creek Park.[36]

Guandique denied attacking Levy.[37] On November 28, the FBI had the informant take a polygraph test, which he failed. A polygraph test on Guandique, administered on February 4, 2002, returned inconclusive results that were officially ruled "not deceptive". Because neither the informant nor Guandique was fluent in English, D.C. chief detective Jack Barrett said that he would have preferred polygraph tests to have been administered by bilingual examiners, who were unavailable at the time.[17] When Judge Noel Anketell Kramer was asked about Guandique's potential connection to the Levy homicide, she responded, "This is such a satellite issue. To me it doesn't have anything to do with this case." Kramer sentenced Guandique to 10 years in prison for his attacks on two other women at Rock Creek Park.[33] Guandique was sent to the U.S. Penitentiary, Big Sandy near Inez, Kentucky,[38] and was later transferred to the U.S. Penitentiary at Victorville, California.[36]

D.C. police chief Cathy L. Lanier in 2009

The Levy homicide remained listed as a "cold case" until 2006, when Cathy L. Lanier succeeded Ramsey as D.C. police chief. Lanier replaced the lead detective on the case with three veteran investigators who had more homicide experience.[34] In 2007, the editors of The Washington Post assigned a new team of reporters to take a year to re-examine the Levy case.[33] The resulting series of articles, published during the summer of 2008, focused on the past failure of the police to fully investigate Guandique's connection to the attacks in Rock Creek Park. In September 2008, investigators searched Guandique's federal prison cell in California and found a photo of Levy that he had saved from a magazine. Police interviewed acquaintances of Guandique and witnesses of the other Rock Creek Park incidents.[34]

On March 3, 2009, the Superior Court of the District of Columbia issued an arrest warrant for Guandique.[39] He was returned to the custody of the District of Columbia Department of Corrections on April 20 via the Federal Transfer Center in Oklahoma City.[40] Two days later, Guandique was charged in D.C. with Levy's murder.[41] He was indicted by a grand jury on six counts: kidnapping, first-degree murder committed during a kidnapping, attempted first-degree sexual abuse, first-degree murder committed during a sexual offense, attempted robbery, and first-degree murder committed during a robbery.[42] Guandique pleaded not guilty at his arraignment, where a trial date was initially set for January 27, 2010.[43] His lawyers argued that Guandique's federal prison cell was outside the jurisdiction of a court-ordered search.[44] After errors in processing contaminated some of the gathered evidence with DNA from employees of the prosecution,[45] the start date of the trial at the H. Carl Moultrie Courthouse was moved to October 4, 2010.[44]

Trial of Guandique

Guandique was tried at the H. Carl Moultrie Courthouse in Washington, D.C.[44]

On October 18, 2010, jury selection commenced in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia before Judge Gerald I. Fisher. Assistant U.S. Attorney Fernando Campoamor-Sanchez presented the names of potential witnesses for the trial, including FBI agent Brad Garrett and the two women whom Guandique was convicted of assaulting. At the start of the trial, the prosecution's case was expected to take around four weeks and the defense was expected to take one day.[46] On October 25 and 26, Halle Shilling and Christy Wiegand testified about being attacked by Guandique while independently jogging in Rock Creek Park. Wiegand recounted that Guandique grabbed her from behind, dragged her down a ravine and held a knife against her face.[47]

On October 26, 2010, Levy's then-64-year-old father, Robert, took the stand and refuted statements about his past suspicions of Condit. Robert Levy testified that he told authorities during the early years of the investigation that his daughter Chandra would have been too cautious to jog in the woods alone, but said that he no longer believed this to be true. He said that he also told police that his daughter and Condit had a five-year plan between them to get married. In retrospect, Robert Levy admitted: "I just said whatever came to mind just to point to him as the villain." Levy added that he had been convinced that Condit was "guilty until we learned about this character here," referring to Guandique.[48] On November 1, Condit testified at the trial and was asked on at least three occasions if he and Chandra Levy had been involved in a sexual relationship. He replied, "I am not going to respond to that question out of privacy for myself and Chandra."[49] FBI biologist Alan Giusti testified that semen found on underwear from Levy's apartment contained sperm matching Condit's DNA profile.[50]

Prosecution witness Armando Morales, who shared a cell with Guandique at the U.S. Penitentiary in Kentucky, testified that Guandique was concerned about being transferred between prisons in 2006 because of inmate violence against suspected rapists. Morales stated that Guandique, a fellow member of the Mara Salvatrucha gang, confided to him that he had killed Levy while trying to rob her, but said that he did not rape her.[51][52] The prosecution rested their case on November 10,[53] while dropping two out of the six charges against Guandique: sexual assault and murder associated with that assault.[54] On November 15, the defense rested its case without calling Guandique to the stand. Other prison witnesses called by the defense refuted Morales' testimony. Jose Manuel Alaniz said that Guandique made no mention of rape or murder while sharing a cell with both Alaniz and Morales at the penitentiary in Kentucky. Alaniz admitted under cross-examination that he "didn't want to be too nosy" and was often asleep at the prison while recovering from a gunshot wound. The prosecution dropped two more charges because the statute of limitations had passed: kidnapping and attempted robbery. During closing arguments for the remaining charges of first-degree murder committed during a kidnapping and during a robbery,[51] prosecutor Amanda Haines contended that Guandique bound and gagged Levy after attacking her, leaving her to die of dehydration or exposure in the park. Defense attorney Santha Sonenberg countered with the lack of any DNA evidence connecting Guandique to the crime scene.[55] Calling the prosecution's case "fiction", Sonenberg suggested that Levy had been murdered elsewhere, with her dead body being dumped in the park.[56]

The jury began deliberations on November 17, 2010.[56] Scheduled proceedings of the case met delays because of increased security at the courthouse.[57] After two days of deliberations, all but one juror had voted to convict Guandique.[58] On the third day, the jury asked Judge Gerald Fisher to clarify the definition of assault.[59] Fisher responded that any physical injury could legally be considered an assault, regardless of how small.[60] On November 22, 2010, the jury found Guandique guilty of both remaining counts of first-degree murder.[61] After the trial, a juror said the testimony of Morales was decisive in reaching the verdict.[62] The conviction was called a "miracle" for having been reached with only circumstantial evidence.[63] Gladys Weatherspoon, who had previously represented Guandique in the 2001 assault cases, stated that she was troubled by the jury's verdict: "I just think they were going to convict anyway.... They felt bad for that woman, the mom. She's sitting in there every day."[62] At a post-trial press conference, Susan Levy said, "There's always going to be a feeling of sadness. I can surely tell you, it ain't closure."[64] Since the conclusion of the trial, Susan Levy has acted to keep photographic evidence of her daughter's remains sealed from the news media.[65]

Sentencing and appeals

On February 1, 2011, Guandique's attorneys requested a new trial on the grounds that the verdict had been improperly attained. The 17-page filing claimed that the prosecutors had appealed to the emotions of the jury, using "references to facts not in evidence".[66] The motion also alleged that one juror, who did not take notes, had breached the judge's instructions not to be "influenced by another juror's notes".[66] The prosecution opposed a retrial, arguing that the issue regarding the notes was no more than a technicality that did not have a significant effect on the verdict.[67]

Guandique faced a minimum penalty of 30 years to a maximum of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.[61][68] In seeking the maximum possible sentence, the prosecutors stated that Guandique "is unable to control himself and thus, will always remain a danger to women".[67] A memo submitted by the prosecution in February 2011 cited Guandique's harassment of female staff in prison, including soliciting a nurse and masturbating in front of guards.[67] Assistant U.S. Attorney Fernando Campoamor-Sanchez disclosed that he had traveled to El Salvador with a detective to investigate allegations that Guandique had fled his native country because of suspected attacks against local women dating back to 1999.[69] During the sentencing hearing on February 11, Guandique said to Levy's family, "I am sorry for what happened to your daughter", and insisted on his innocence. Before Judge Gerald Fisher reminded Susan Levy to address the court instead of the defendant, Levy said to him, "Did you really take her life? Look me in my eyes and tell me." Fisher denied Guandique's motion for retrial and handed down a sentence of 60 years in prison, stating that Guandique "will be a danger for some time. He's a sexual predator."[70]

Guandique repeated his innocence during his sentencing. He has maintained his innocence in the years since the trial.[71]

On February 25, 2011, public defender James Klein filed an appeal of Guandique's conviction with the District of Columbia Court of Appeals. According to the court's annual report, appeals take an average of 588 days to reach resolution.[72] In December 2012 and January 2013, a set of secret hearings was made known to the public, but the subject of the meetings was sealed by the judge.[71][73][74] After a third hearing in February, the judge in the case unsealed transcripts from the previous hearings which revealed that Klein was seeking a new trial based on new evidence in the case.[75] A fourth hearing was scheduled for April 2013.[75]

Charges dropped

On May 22, 2015, prosecutors dropped their opposition to a new trial.[76] This came largely due to defense claims that the prosecution's star witness, Armando Morales, had perjured himself on the stand. The defense contended that prosecutors failed to disclose that Morales was a jailhouse informant with a reputation for being untrustworthy. Morales had denied ever being an informant. The defense also argued that Morales made up Guandique's confession in order to boost his stock with prosecutors.[77] On June 3, 2015, the defense said a new witness, a neighbor, called 911 at 4:37 a.m. on the last day Levy was alive to report hearing a 'blood-curdling scream', possibly coming from Levy's apartment.[78] On June 4, 2015, Judge Gerald Fisher granted a motion for the new trial.[79] Guandique's attorneys suggested that Morales fabricated Guandique's confession to gain favor with law enforcement.[80] On June 12, 2015, Judge Robert E. Morin set the retrial of Guandique for March 1, 2016 but in March, the trial date was moved to October 11, 2016.[81][82]

In November 2015, prosecutors told a D.C. Superior Court judge that their office failed to turn over documents to the defense before the defendant’s first trial.[83] In December 2015, defense attorneys argued in new court filings that the charges should be dismissed because of prosecutorial errors.[84]

On July 28, 2016, prosecutors announced that they would not proceed with the case against Guandique and would, instead, seek to have him deported.[85] According to The Washington Post, prosecutors lost confidence in the case after learning that Morales, who now lives in Maryland, was secretly recorded admitting lying on the witness stand during the 2010 trial. Babs Proller, the woman who made the recording, turned it over to the police. The U.S. Attorney's Office only stated that based on new information that had come to light during the previous week, there was no longer enough evidence to go forward with the retrial.[86]

Media coverage

The disappearance of Chandra Levy became a national topic of the news media in the summer of 2001,[87] with 63 percent of Americans closely following the case.[9] The media swamped Levy's parents from the moment they decided to go to Washington, D.C. in search of their daughter.[88] According to Condit, there were about a hundred reporters camped out in front of his apartment during the morning of September 11, 2001, but they all left after news spread about that day's terrorist attacks in New York and Washington.[89] Media critics and cable news executives later cited the Levy case, as well as the concurrent sensationalist coverage of a string of shark attacks, as a reflection of the manner of news coverage in the United States before the September 11 attacks had taken priority.[90][91]

In 2002, D.C. newspaper Roll Call first reported the possible connection of Ingmar Guandique to the case, with little effect on the news media's focus on Condit.[33] Conservative commentator Michelle Malkin noted the lack of headlines that an illegal immigrant had been questioned in the Levy case. She said that in her review of 115 news items from the Lexis-Nexis database, not a single mention of Guandique referred to his status as a "criminal illegal alien". She called the "glaring omission" of his status "a newsworthy act of negligence". She wrote that only the very conservative Human Events reported that the Immigration and Naturalization Service had approved his working legally while applying for temporary protected status. That application was ultimately denied, but not before he had assaulted two other women at Rock Creek Park.[92]

In 2005, investigative journalist Dominick Dunne said on Larry King Live that he believed Gary Condit knew more information about the Levy case than he had been disclosing. Condit filed two lawsuits against Dunne, forcing him into an undisclosed financial settlement on one of them. In 2008, U.S. District Judge Peter Leisure dismissed the other suit that alleged slander, because "The context in which Dunne's statements were made demonstrates that they were part of a discussion about 'speculation' in the media and inaccurate media coverage."[21]

During the summer of 2008, The Washington Post ran a 13-part series billed, in part, as "a tale of the tabloid and mainstream press pack journalism that helped derail the investigation". The two investigative reporters behind the Post series, Scott Higham and Sari Horwitz, wrote a book detailing their investigation. The book, Finding Chandra, was published in May 2010.[93] Commentators, including The Washington Post Metro reporter Robert Pierre, wrote that emphasis on a glamorous white murder victim, when "about 200 people are killed in this city every year, most of them black and male", was "absolutely absurd and dare I say, racist, at its core".[94][95]

The media were criticized for their "rush to judgment" in suggesting, sometimes blatantly, that Condit was guilty of the murder, especially in the early days of the investigation.[96][97] Some of the reporters camped in front of Condit's Washington apartment house were quoted as saying that they would remain there "until he resigns".[98][99] When Ingmar Guandique was convicted in November 2010 of murdering Levy, Condit's lawyer Bert Fields remarked, "It's a complete vindication but that comes a little late. Who gives him his career back?"[100]

Impact

Levy's death has had a lasting impact, due in part to the efforts of her family and friends. Levy's disappearance came after a number of other high-profile cases that led to the creation of resources for missing young adults. For example, Levy's parents quickly turned for help to the Carole Sund/Carrington Memorial Reward Foundation,[11] a nonprofit group that was established in Modesto after three female hikers disappeared from a 1999 trip to Yosemite National Park and were later found slain.[101] That foundation, which offered the Levys staff support and contributed towards a cash reward for information about Chandra's disappearance, was merged into the Laci & Conner Search and Rescue Fund in 2009;[102] Susan Levy had previously participated in the efforts to find Laci Peterson, another missing woman from Modesto.[103] In 1997, when Kristen Modafferi mysteriously disappeared from the San Francisco Bay Area just three weeks after her 18th birthday, her parents turned to their congresswoman for help they were ineligible to receive from the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. As a result, Congress enacted "Kristen's Law" in October 2000, which established the National Center for Missing Adults (NCMA) within the U.S. Department of Justice to coordinate such missing person cases.[104] By the time Levy disappeared, institutions were in place to provide her family with support and to assist in a nationwide search to locate her. Although the Levy family moved quickly to mobilize all such available resources, including offering a cash reward for information, hiring their own investigators,[105] and seeking media attention, those efforts to locate Chandra Levy or find her killer were overshadowed by the speculation surrounding her possible relationship with Condit. Susan Levy later joined with Donna Raley, the mother of another young woman who disappeared in 1999 from Modesto, to form "Wings of Protection", a support group for people with missing loved ones.[106][107] The Mary Ann Liebert company, publishers of the Journal of Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, presented their annual Criterion Award in May 2002 to Susan Levy for her work with "Wings of Protection".[108]

Newsweek magazine stated that the media may have become more skeptical of "herd mentality" and open to alternative suspects after the Levy case.[109] The D.C. police claimed that they would have discovered Levy's body earlier, if not for a miscommunication regarding the scope of the search. Commanders had ordered a search within 100 yards (91 m) of each road and trail in Rock Creek Park, but searches were focused within 100 yards of roads only, resulting in the body remaining undiscovered for a longer period of time.[7] Both the Chief of Detectives, Jack Barrett, and the Chief of Police, Charles H. Ramsey, have since left the force in D.C. Ramsey became head of the Philadelphia Police Department; Barrett, who became an analyst for an intelligence support firm in Arlington, Virginia, stated in hindsight that the media had imposed "enormous amounts of pressure" on the D.C. police.[110] Morales, who is serving time for conspiracy to distribute methamphetamine and crack cocaine, was scheduled to be released on August 5, 2016.[111] Condit retired from politics and moved with his wife to Phoenix, Arizona, to manage real estate and open two Baskin-Robbins franchises, which have since closed.[112][113]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Mathieson, Greg (July 19, 2001). "Chandra Levy". Life. Getty Images. Retrieved December 23, 2010. HOLC Building containing Bureau of Prisons office where missing intern Chandra Levy worked before her disappearance.
  2. ↑ Besser, James D. (July 20, 2001). "Chandra Levy's Jewish Angle". The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles. Retrieved December 18, 2006.
  3. 1 2 3 Horwitz, Sari; Higham, Scott; Moreno, Sylvia (July 13, 2008). "Who Killed Chandra Levy?, Chapter Two: The Gentleman from Ca.". The Washington Post. pp. 1–2. Retrieved November 5, 2010.
  4. 1 2 Higham, Scott; Horwitz, Sari (2010). Finding Chandra: A True Washington Murder Mystery. New York City: Scribner. pp. 24–25. ISBN 978-1-4391-3867-0. OCLC 430842090. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
  5. ↑ "Chandra Levy mystery: A timeline". USA Today. May 22, 2002. Retrieved November 17, 2010.
  6. ↑ Fagan, Kevin (April 28, 2002). "A Life Suspended: A year after Chandra Levy vanished, her family and friends struggle to absorb the passage of time – and hope". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved November 19, 2010.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Horwitz, Sari; Higham, Scott; Moreno, Sylvia (July 13, 2008). "Who Killed Chandra Levy?, Chapter One: A Young Woman Disappears". The Washington Post. pp. 1–3. Retrieved November 5, 2010.
  8. ↑ "List of Classified Structures: Peirce-Klingle Mansion". National Park Service. 1992. Retrieved November 17, 2010.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Horwitz, Sari; Higham, Scott; Moreno, Sylvia (July 22, 2008). "Who Killed Chandra Levy?, Chapter Nine: Media Frenzy". The Washington Post. pp. 1–2. Retrieved November 5, 2010.
  10. ↑ Kennedy, Helen (May 2, 2002). "Plea for Chandra at Anniversary Vigil". New York Daily News. Retrieved December 3, 2010.
  11. 1 2 Horwitz, Sari; Higham, Scott; Moreno, Sylvia (July 16, 2008). "Who Killed Chandra Levy?, Chapter Four: The Levys". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
  12. ↑ Lengel, Allan (May 5, 2002). "50 Join Levy Family at Anniversary Vigil". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
  13. ↑ Franken, Bob (July 7, 2001). "Police sources: Condit admits to affair with Levy". CNN. Retrieved November 5, 2010.
  14. ↑ "Police take up offer to search Condit's apartment". CNN. July 10, 2001. Retrieved November 25, 2010.
  15. ↑ Thomas, Pierre (July 10, 2010). "Police Search Condit Apartment". ABC News. pp. 1–3. Retrieved November 25, 2010.
  16. ↑ Thomas, Pierre (July 10, 2010). "Feds Explore Condit Obstruction Allegation". ABC News. pp. 1–3. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
  17. 1 2 3 Horwitz, Sari; Higham, Scott; Moreno, Sylvia (July 22, 2008). "Who Killed Chandra Levy?, Chapter Ten: A Jailhouse Informant". The Washington Post. pp. 1–2. Retrieved November 5, 2010.
  18. ↑ Blanton, Dana (July 27, 2001). "FOX News/Opinion Dynamics Poll: Condit's Acting Guilty". Fox News Channel. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
  19. ↑ Nieves, Evelyn (March 6, 2002). "Condit Loses House Race To Former Aide". The New York Times. Retrieved November 25, 2010.
  20. ↑ Lengel, Allan (April 2, 2002). "Condit Had Appointment With Grand Jury". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 25, 2010.
  21. 1 2 "Condit's slander suit over Chandra Levy dismissed". Reuters. July 9, 2008. Retrieved November 19, 2010.
  22. ↑ Braun, Stephen (May 23, 2002). "Remains in D.C. Park Identified as Intern's". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  23. ↑ Twomey, Steve; Horwitz, Sari (May 23, 2002). "Chandra Levy's Remains Found in Park By Dog". The Washington Post. p. A01. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
  24. ↑ "Coroner says Chandra Levy was murdered". CourtTV. Associated Press. May 28, 2002. Archived from the original on April 29, 2008. Retrieved August 9, 2006.
  25. ↑ "Report: Levy may have been strangled". CNN. July 13, 2002. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
  26. ↑ Sherman, Mark (June 2, 2002). "Investigators hired by family find leg bone near site of Chandra Levy's remains". Kentucky New Era. p. 5. Retrieved December 3, 2010.
  27. 1 2 Squatriglia, Chuck; Coile, Zachary (May 29, 2002). "Precious Memories and Broken Hearts". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved December 2, 2010.
  28. ↑ Noda, Debbie (May 28, 2002). "Memorial for Chandra Levy". The Baltimore Sun. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
  29. ↑ Kennedy, Helen (May 27, 2002). "Lavish Memorial Service is Set for Chandra Levy". The Free Lance Star. 118 (147). p. 7. Retrieved December 3, 2010.
  30. ↑ "Memorial held for Chandra Levy". USA Today. May 28, 2002. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
  31. ↑ Lengel, Allan (May 28, 2003). "Chandra Levy's Remains Buried". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
  32. ↑ Horwitz, Sari; Higham, Scott; Moreno, Sylvia (July 18, 2008). "Who Killed Chandra Levy?, Chapter Six: The Predator in the Park". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 22, 2010.
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 Higham, Scott; Horwitz, Sari (November 28, 2010). "Even after Ingmar Guandique's conviction, the Chandra Levy saga is all about Gary Condit". The Washington Post. pp. 1–2. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
  34. 1 2 3 Higham, Scott; Horwitz, Sari (March 4, 2009). "Warrant Is Issued for Suspect in Levy Killing". The Washington Post. pp. 1–2. Retrieved December 22, 2010.
  35. ↑ "A 2nd Look By Officers In Intern Case". The New York Times. October 8, 2002. Retrieved November 24, 2010.
  36. 1 2 Levine, Mike (February 22, 2009). "Levy Parents 'Bittersweet' Over News of Expected Arrest in Daughter's Murder". Fox News Channel. Retrieved November 5, 2010.
  37. ↑ Smoot, Kelly Marshall; Courson, Paul (November 15, 2010). "Sources: More charges dropped against suspect in Chandra Levy killing". CNN. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
  38. ↑ Doyle, Michael (November 4, 2010). "Guandique confessed to killing Chandra Levy, inmate testifies". The McClatchy Company. Retrieved November 24, 2010.
  39. ↑ "D.C. v. Ingmar Guandique". FindLaw. March 3, 2009. Retrieved March 3, 2009.
  40. ↑ Syeed, Nafeesa (April 22, 2009). "Levy slaying suspect arrives in DC for court date". The Guardian. London. Associated Press. Retrieved February 21, 2011. The inmate has been kept in a D.C. jail since his arrival Monday from a Federal Bureau of Prisons transfer center in Oklahoma City.
  41. ↑ "Suspect charged with murder of Chandra Levy". MSNBC. Associated Press. April 22, 2009. Retrieved November 5, 2010.
  42. ↑ "The United States of America v. Ingmar Guandique" (PDF). Superior Court of the District of Columbia. May 19, 2009. pp. 527–533. Retrieved December 22, 2010.
  43. ↑ "Man pleads not guilty to killing Chandra Levy". MSNBC. Associated Press. May 27, 2009. Retrieved November 5, 2010.
  44. 1 2 3 Doyle, Michael (September 24, 2010). "Lawyers prepare for center stage in Chandra Levy murder trial". The McClatchy Company. Retrieved November 17, 2010.
  45. ↑ Duggan, Paul (January 30, 2010). "Mishaps continue in Chandra Levy murder trial". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 22, 2010.
  46. ↑ Alexander, Keith L. (October 18, 2010). "Jury selection begins in Levy case". The Washington Post. p. B4. Retrieved November 5, 2010.
  47. ↑ Barakat, Matthew (October 26, 2010). "Chandra Levy's father testifies at murder trial". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved November 24, 2010.
  48. ↑ McCabe, Scott (October 26, 2010). "Levy's Father testifies he pointed Investigators to Condit". The Washington Examiner. Retrieved February 21, 2011.
  49. ↑ Alexander, Keith L. (November 2, 2010). "Condit refuses to testify about whether he had affair with Levy". The Washington Post. p. A1. Retrieved November 5, 2010.
  50. ↑ Courson, Paul (November 10, 2010). "Condit's DNA found in Levy's underwear". CNN. Retrieved November 10, 2010.
  51. 1 2 Alexander, Keith L. (November 15, 2010). "Defense in Levy murder trial tries to undercut government's star witness". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
  52. ↑ Leshan, Bruce (November 5, 2010). "Guandique's Cellmate Testifies At Chandra Levy Murder Trial". WUSA (TV). Retrieved November 30, 2010.
  53. ↑ Doyle, Michael (November 11, 2010). "Prosecution rests in Chandra Levy murder trial". The Modesto Bee. Retrieved December 15, 2010.
  54. ↑ Alexander, Keith L. (November 11, 2010). "A surprise courtroom move in Levy trial". The Washington Post. p. B1. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
  55. ↑ Alexander, Keith L. (November 16, 2010). "Attorneys Give Final Arguments in Levy Murder Trial; Jury Deliberations Begin". The Washington Post. pp. 1–2. Retrieved November 16, 2010.
  56. 1 2 Alexander, Keith L. (November 17, 2010). "Levy case is now in the jury's hands". The Washington Post. p. B1. Retrieved November 17, 2010.
  57. ↑ Alexander, Keith L. (November 18, 2010). "Long lines from tightened security delay justice at D.C. Superior Court". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 18, 2010.
  58. ↑ Alexander, Keith L. (November 23, 2010). "A single holdout delayed the verdict". The Washington Post. p. A6. Retrieved November 23, 2010.
  59. ↑ Babay, Emily (November 19, 2010). "Chandra Levy jury seeks elaboration from judge". The Washington Examiner. Retrieved November 19, 2010.
  60. ↑ "Levy Jury Asks for Legal Definition of Assault". WRC-TV. November 19, 2010. Retrieved November 19, 2010.
  61. 1 2 "Man found guilty of murdering Chandra Levy". CNN. November 22, 2010. Retrieved November 22, 2010.
  62. 1 2 Alexander, Keith L.; Cauvin, Henri E. (November 23, 2010). "Guandique found guilty in Levy case". The Washington Post. p. A1. Retrieved November 23, 2010.
  63. ↑ Enright, Deirdre M.; Engle, Matthew L. (November 27, 2010). "'Miracle' conviction or one more mistake?". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 22, 2010.
  64. ↑ Doyle, Michael (November 23, 2010). "Susan Levy: 'A feeling of sadness' will persist". The Modesto Bee. Retrieved December 15, 2010.
  65. ↑ Doyle, Michael (November 24, 2010). "Chandra Levy's mother fighting media request for some trial photos". The Modesto Bee. Retrieved December 15, 2010.
  66. 1 2 Gresko, Jessica (February 2, 2011). "Guandique Wants New Trial in Levy Slaying". WRC-TV. Retrieved February 3, 2011.
  67. 1 2 3 Levine, Mike (February 8, 2011). "Prosecutors seek life term for Chandra Levy killer". Fox News Channel. Associated Press. Retrieved February 8, 2011.
  68. ↑ "Guilty verdict in Chandra Levy murder case". MSNBC. Associated Press. November 22, 2010. Retrieved November 22, 2010.
  69. ↑ Doyle, Michael (February 8, 2011). "Prosecutors seek life without parole for Chandra Levy's killer". The Vancouver Sun. The McClatchy Company. Retrieved February 10, 2011.
  70. ↑ Alexander, Keith L. (February 11, 2011). "Guandique, Chandra Levy's killer, gets 60 years in prison". The Washington Post. pp. 1–2. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
  71. 1 2 http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/secret-hearings-case-chandra-levy-slaying-18311786
  72. ↑ Doyle, Michael (March 1, 2011). "Man sentenced in Chandra Levy killing appeals his conviction". The McClatchy Company. Retrieved March 4, 2011.
  73. ↑ "Secret hearings held in killing of Washington intern Chandra Levy". NBC News. January 25, 2013.
  74. ↑ "Chandra Levy murder conviction may be in doubt". The Washington Post. January 25, 2013.
  75. 1 2 Ingmar Guandique, Man Jailed For Killing Chandra Levy, Could Get New Trial
  76. ↑ "New trial possible in Chandra Levy killing - CNN.com". CNN. Retrieved 2015-06-04.
  77. ↑ Keith Alexander; Mary Pat Flaherty (2015-05-23). "New trial likely for man convicted of killing intern Chandra Levy". The Washington Post.
  78. ↑ "New Witness Emerges In Chandra Levy Murder –– Could The Real Killer Still Be Out There?". Retrieved 2015-06-04.
  79. ↑ "Chandra Levy murder retrial granted by US judge". BBC News. Retrieved 2015-06-04.
  80. ↑ "Ingmar Guandique, man convicted of killing Chandra Levy, gets new trial". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2015-06-12.
  81. ↑ "Judge sets 2016 retrial date in Chandra Levy case". Retrieved 2015-06-15.
  82. ↑ "Retrial in Chandra Levy case now set for fall". March 4, 2016. Retrieved 2016-04-08.
  83. ↑ Alexander, Keith L. (2015-11-20). "Prosecutor in retrial of man charged in Levy murder acknowledges 'mistake'". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2015-12-29.
  84. ↑ "In Chandra Levy case, defense attorneys seek dismissal of murder charges". mcclatchydc. Retrieved 2015-12-29.
  85. ↑ CNN, Ralph Ellis and Cheri Mossburg. "Charges dropped in Chandra Levy murder". CNN. Archived from the original on 2016-07-28. Retrieved 2016-07-28.
  86. ↑ Lynh Bui; Keith Alexander; Scott Higham (2016-07-30). "Why prosecutors dropped charges against the man accused of killing Washington intern Chandra Levy". The Washington Post.
  87. ↑ Wenner, Kathryn S. (September 2001). "How the Chandra Levy Saga Took Off". American Journalism Review. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
  88. ↑ Petersen, Kim (Fall 2001). "The Chandra Levy Story: What does media coverage look and feel like from the other side?". Nieman Foundation for Journalism. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
  89. ↑ Conery, Ben (November 1, 2010). "Condit mum on question of affair with Levy". The Washington Times. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
  90. ↑ Rutenberg, Jim (May 24, 2002). "Media Report: World Events Bring Restraint in Levy Case". The New York Times. p. A16. Retrieved July 13, 2008.
  91. ↑ Nizza, Mike (July 11, 2008). "Like It's the Summer of 2001: Sharks and Chandra". New York Times. Retrieved July 13, 2008.
  92. ↑ Malkin, Michelle (June 5, 2002). "The media's immigration blinders". Jewish World Review. Retrieved November 23, 2010.
  93. ↑ Higham, Scott; Horwitz, Sari (2010). Finding Chandra: A True Washington Murder Mystery. New York City: Scribner. p. iv. ISBN 978-1-4391-3867-0. OCLC 430842090. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
  94. ↑ Howell, Deborah (July 27, 2008). "A 13-Part Series to Love or Hate". The Washington Post. p. B06.
  95. ↑ Wemple, Erik (July 22, 2008). "Post Reporter Hopes Protesters March on Post Building over Chandra Series". Washington City Paper.
  96. ↑ Cohen, mark (February 22, 2009). "With 20/20 Hindsight, Condit Story Was Better Than Truth". Daily Kos. Retrieved November 5, 2010.
  97. ↑ Perrier, Phil (August 21, 2006). "Was There a Rush To Judgment?". Los Angeles Daily News. Retrieved November 5, 2010.
  98. ↑ "Respect Mahh Authori-tay!!!". October 1, 2001. Retrieved August 28, 2009.
  99. ↑ Bozell III, L. Brent (August 22, 2001). "Is This a Condit Country?". Media Research Center. Archived from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved November 5, 2010.
  100. ↑ Dorell, Oren (November 22, 2010). "Jury convicts Guandique of murdering Chandra Levy". USA Today. USA Today. Retrieved November 22, 2010.
  101. ↑ "About Us | Carole Sund/Carrington Memorial Reward Foundation". Archived from the original on August 26, 2011. Retrieved February 8, 2011.
  102. ↑ Jardine, Jeff (June 27, 2009). "Reward group will dissolve, shift its assets". The Modesto Bee. Retrieved December 1, 2010.
  103. ↑ Lengel, Allan (May 1, 2003). "After Two Years, Levy Case Remains Open". The Washington Post. pp. 1–2. Retrieved November 5, 2010.
  104. ↑ "Kristen's Law". National Center for Missing Adults. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
  105. ↑ Horwitz, Sari; Higham, Scott; Moreno, Sylvia (July 17, 2008). "Who Killed Chandra Levy?, Chapter Five: A Secret Meeting". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
  106. ↑ "Under Their 'Wings'". The Modesto Bee. November 2, 2007. Retrieved December 1, 2010.
  107. ↑ Kennedy, Helen (January 1, 2003). "Chandra's Mom Offers Her Sympathy". New York Daily News. Retrieved December 3, 2010.
  108. ↑ "Susan Levy, Mother of the Missing Chandra Levy, to Receive Award From the Publisher of Journal of Womens Health and Gender Based Medicine at 10th Annual Congress on Womens Health". Business Wire. May 15, 2002. Retrieved December 3, 2010.
  109. ↑ Smalley, Suzanne (May 18, 2010). "Would Bloggers Have Cracked Chandra's Case?". Newsweek. pp. 1–2. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
  110. ↑ Horwitz, Sari; Higham, Scott; Moreno, Sylvia (July 27, 2008). "Who Killed Chandra Levy?, Epilogue". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
  111. ↑ Doyle, Michael (November 23, 2010). "For Chandra Levy murder trial witness, a new beginning?". The McClatchy Company. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
  112. ↑ Clark, Champ (March 9, 2009). "Inside Story: Gary Condit After Chandra Levy Case". People. Retrieved December 2, 2010.
  113. ↑ Kennedy, Helen (February 23, 2009). "No longer a target in Chandra Levy case, Gary Condit set to tell all". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on October 23, 2010. Retrieved February 7, 2011.

Further reading

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/19/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.