Ibn Ustadh-Hurmuz

Abu Ali Hasan ibn Ustadh-Hurmuz, commonly known after his father as Ibn Ustadh-Hurmuz (died 1011) was a Daylamite^[1] military officer of the Buyids, and an important figure in the Buyid state during the late 10th century.

Biography

Map of Fars and its surrounding regions in the 9th–10th centuries

Origins

He was the son of Ustadh-Hurmuz, a prominent Buyid chamberlain (hajib), who, after the death of the Buyid king Adud al-Dawla, began serving the latter's eldest son Sharaf al-Dawla, who was the ruler of Fars, and fought for complete control of the Buyid Empire against his younger brother Samsam al-Dawla, who was the ruler of Iraq. During this period, Ustadh-Hurmuz was appointed by Sharaf al-Dawla as the governor of Oman. However, wishing to change his allegiance to Sharaf al-Dawla's brother, he was forced to retire in 984.

Service under the Buyids of Fars

During this period, Ibn Ustadh-Hurmuz was about 23 years old and was already in the service of Samsam al-Dawla; but in 987, Samsam al-Dawla was defeated and captured by Sharaf al-Dawla, who shortly annexed Iraq. He, however, died himself one year later, and was succeeded by his younger brother Baha' al-Dawla in Iraq, while Samsam al-Dawla managed to escape from captivity and fled to Fars, where he managed to conquer the entire region, and was joined by Ibn Ustadh-Hurmuz including other of his former officers such as Fuladh ibn Manadhar. In 995, Ibn Ustadh-Hurmuz became the leader of his Daylamite kinsmen in the Buyid army,^[1] thus giving him a powerful position in the Buyid Empire. Two years later, he captured Ahvaz, but one year later, Samsam al-Dawla was killed during a revolt by the sons of the deceased former Buyid ruler Izz al-Dawla.

Map of Iraq in the 9th–10th centuries

Service under the Buyids of Iraq

Ibn Ustadh-Hurmuz quickly used the opportunity to serve Baha' al-Dawla,^[2][3] who became the new ruler of Fars. In 1001, Ibn Ustadh-Hurmuz was appointed as the governor of Ahvaz, and one year later, became the governor of Iraq, where he made order by solving disputes between different religious sects, and by defeating bandits who had caused chaos in the region.

He also managed to defeat the former governor of Iraq, Abu Ja'far al-Hajjaj, who was supported by Kurds and Shayban Arabs.^[4] He also defended Iraq against incursions from Batihah and the Hasanwayhid ruler Badr ibn Hasanwayh. Furthermore, Ibn Ustadh-Hurmuz managed to suppress the rebellion of the Uqaylid ruler Qirwash, who had briefly taken control of a few Buyid cities and had changed his allegiance to the Fatimid Caliphate.^[5] Ibn Ustadh-Hurmuz later died in 1010/1, and was succeeded by the Buyid vizier Fakhr al-Mulk as the governor of Iraq.^[1] Ibn Ustadh-Hurmuz's father, however, outlived the latter, and lived until 1015.

References

Sources

• Kennedy, Hugh N. (2004). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century (Second ed.). Harlow, UK: Pearson Education Ltd. ISBN 0-582-40525-4. 
• Donohue, John J. (2003). The Buwayhid Dynasty in Iraq 334h., 945 to 403h., 1012: Shaping Institutions for the Future. ISBN 9789004128606. Retrieved 3 February 2014. 
• Cl., Cahen (2012). "Ḥasan b. Ustād̲h̲-Hurmuz". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. BRILL. ISBN 9789004161214. 
• Kabir, Mafizullah (1964). The Buwayhid Dynasty of Baghdad, 334/946-447/1055. Retrieved 3 February 2014.