Hooge Crater Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery

Hooge Crater
Commonwealth War Graves Commission
Used for those deceased 1917–1918
Established October 1917
Location 50°50′47″N 2°56′36″E / 50.84639°N 2.94333°E / 50.84639; 2.94333Coordinates: 50°50′47″N 2°56′36″E / 50.84639°N 2.94333°E / 50.84639; 2.94333[1]
near Ieper, West Flanders, Belgium
Designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens
Total burials 5924
Unknown burials 3578
Burials by nation
Burials by war
Statistics source: Battlefields1418.50megs.com

Hooge Crater Cemetery is a Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground for the dead of the First World War located in the Ypres Salient in Belgium on the Western Front. Hooge Crater Cemetery is named after a mine crater blown nearby in 1915 (since filled in, see below) and located near the centre of Hooge, opposite the "Hooge Crater Museum" (founded in 1994)[2] and separated from it by the Menin Road. Hooge itself is a small village on the Bellewaerde Ridge, about 4 kilometres east of Ypres in the Flemish province of West-Vlaanderen.

Location

View of Hooge from the south, with the military cemetery clearly visible
Cemetery entrance with Cross of Sacrifice and the stone-faced circle designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens in memory of the many craters nearby
View of the cemetery
Section of the cemetery grounds with location of a deep dugout made by 177th Tunnelling Company
Main article: Hooge in World War I

In World War I, the Flanders village of Hooge belonged to one of the eastern-most sectors of the Ypres Salient, which made it the site of intense and sustained fighting between German and Allied forces. From 1914 the front line of the Salient ran through the Hooge area and there was almost constant fighting in the area over the next three years, during which the village was totally destroyed.[3]

Hooge was the site of a château which was used by the British Army as the divisional headquarters for the area.[4] Several senior British officers from the 1st and 2nd Divisions were killed when the Château de Hooge was shelled by German units on 31 October 1914.[5] German forces attacked the château from 24 May 1915, and, despite the detonation of a mine by the 175th Tunnelling Company (operating with the 3rd Division) on 19 July 1915, leaving a massive crater, took control of the château and the surrounding area on 30 July.[6] This mine was only the second British offensive underground attack in the Ypres Salient; 173rd Tunnelling Company had blown five mines at Hill 60 on 17 April 1915, but none of these mines were even half as powerful as the Hooge charge.[7] Following the detonation of the mine on 19 July 1915, the Château de Hooge and the craters (being strategically important in relatively flat countryside) were taken by the British 6th Division on 9 August.[5]

The area was reclaimed by the Germans on 16 June 1916 and retaken by the British on 31 July 1917 when the 8th Division managed to push past it by about a mile.[6] Several large craters from underground mines were blown over the course of the 1917 fighting. The Germans retook Hooge in April 1918 as part of the Spring Offensive but were expelled from the area by the British on 28 September[5] as the Offensive faltered. The Château de Hooge was completely destroyed along with the entire village.[8]

Foundation

The cemetery was begun in October 1917 by the 7th Division.[9] Originally containing 76 graves, the cemetery was expanded by the concentration of graves from the surrounding battlefields and from nearby smaller cemeteries.[5]

The cemetery grounds were assigned to the United Kingdom in perpetuity by the King of the Belgians in recognition of the sacrifices made by the British Empire in the defence and liberation of Belgium during the war.

Beneath the cemetery grounds opposite the "Hooge Crater Museum" are the remains of a deep dugout constructed by 177th Tunnelling Company beneath the Menin Road in the centre of Hooge, occupying the space in between 175th TC's July 1915 mine crater and the stables of the destroyed Château de Hooge.[10]

The current cemetery layout was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens and has an unusual feature in the stone-faced circular depression at the entrance that evokes the nearby craters[11] at Hooge, Bellewaerde Ridge and Railway Wood, many of which are now lost. The original Hooge Crater, created nearby on 19 July 1915 by the mine fired by 175th Tunnelling Company, was filled in later in the war as the repository of hundreds of bodies and untenable.

The water filled crater visible near the Bellewaarde Hotel today is the result of Baron de Wynck, who landscaped three German mine craters blown in June 1916 as part of their offensive against the Canadians.

Notable graves

References

  1. ↑ http://www.members.shaw.ca/lesley630/BelgiumFrame1Source1.htm
  2. ↑ firstworldwar.com Hooge Museum
  3. ↑ Hooge on ww1battlefields.co.uk, accessed 25 April 2015
  4. ↑ Saturday, 22 August 2009 Michael Duffy and Eamon Duffy (2009-08-22). "The Western Front Today – Hooge Crater". First World War.com. Retrieved 2014-04-12.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Reading Room Manchester. "Cemetery Details". CWGC. Retrieved 2014-04-12.
  6. 1 2 "Hooge Crater Cemetery". Battlefields1418.50megs.com. Retrieved 2014-04-12.
  7. ↑ Peter Barton/Peter Doyle/Johan Vandewalle, Beneath Flanders Fields - The Tunnellers' War 1914-1918, Staplehurst (Spellmount) (978-1862272378) p. 148-154, in particular p. 152.
  8. ↑ "World War One Battlefields : Flanders: Hooge". Ww1battlefields.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-04-12.
  9. ↑ Saturday, 22 August 2009 Michael Duffy and Eamon Duffy (2009-08-22). "The Western Front Today – Hooge Crater Cemetery". First World War.com. Retrieved 2014-04-12.
  10. ↑ Peter Barton/Peter Doyle/Johan Vandewalle, Beneath Flanders Fields - The Tunnellers' War 1914-1918, Staplehurst (Spellmount) (978-1862272378) p. 150.
  11. ↑ http://www.diggertours.com/cems/bel/hooge.htm
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hooge Crater Cemetery.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 3/8/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.