Fallopia multiflora

Fallopia multiflora
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Core eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Polygonaceae
Genus: Fallopia
Species: F. multiflora
Binomial name
Fallopia multiflora
(Thunb.) Haraldson 1978
Synonyms[1][2]

Fallopia multiflora is a synonym for Reynoutria multiflora (Thunb.) Moldenke[2] also called tuber fleeceflower,[3] Chinese knotweed, and heshouwu (HSW, Chinese: 何首乌; pinyin: héshǒuwū; Wade–Giles: he-shou-wu), is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family Polygonaceae. It is native to central and southern China.[4][5]

Description

F. multiflora is a herbaceous perennial vine growing to 2–4 m (6 ft 7 in–13 ft 1 in) tall from a woody tuber. The leaves are 3–7 cm (1.2–2.8 in) long and 2–5 cm (0.79–1.97 in) broad, broad arrowhead-shaped, with an entire margin. The flowers are 6–7 mm (0.24–0.28 in) diameter, white or greenish-white, produced on short, dense panicles up to 10–20 cm (3.9–7.9 in) long in summer to mid autumn. The fruit is an achene 2.5–3 mm (0.098–0.118 in) long.[4]

Another name for F. multiflora is fo-ti.[6]

Traditional medicine

F. multiflora is used in traditional Chinese medicine as a tonic and an anti-aging remedy.[7] There is insufficient scientific evidence to determine its effectiveness for any treatment.[6]

Toxicity

F. multiflora is hepatotoxic.[6][8] It is believed that this is due to the chemical constituents 2,3,4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-β-D-glucoside (THSG) and emodin.[9] It has an LD50 of over 100 g/kg in mice. Processed material is considered safer than raw.[9] Overconsumption can lead to liver damage, liver failure, or toxicity-induced hepatitis.[10][11][12][13]Its extract contains a stilbene glycoside.[14]


References

  1. ↑ Tropicos, Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Haraldson
  2. 1 2 "The Plant List, Reynoutria multiflora (Thunb.) Moldenke". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanic Garden.
  3. ↑ "Polygonum multiflorum". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  4. 1 2 "Fallopia multiflora". Flora of China.
  5. ↑ "Fallopia multiflora". Germplasm Resources Information Network.
  6. 1 2 3 "Fo-ti". WebMD.
  7. ↑ "Polygonum multiflorum and liver reactions". MHRA. 2006.
  8. ↑ Jung, K. A.; Min, H. J.; Yoo, S. S.; Kim, H. J.; Choi, S. N.; Ha, C. Y.; Kim, H. J.; Kim, T. H.; Jung, W. T.; Lee, O. J.; Lee, J. S.; Shim, S. G. (2011). "Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Twenty Five Cases of Acute Hepatitis Following Ingestion of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb". Gut and Liver. 5 (4): 493–499. doi:10.5009/gnl.2011.5.4.493. PMC 3240794Freely accessible. PMID 22195249.
  9. 1 2 Wu, X; Chen, X; Huang, Q; Fang, D; Li, G; Zhang, G (2012). "Toxicity of raw and processed roots of Polygonum multiflorum". Fitoterapia. 83 (3): 469–75. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2011.12.012. PMID 22210538.
  10. ↑ Cho, Hyun Chin; Min, Hyun Ju; Ha, Chang Yoon; Kim, Hyun Jin; Kim, Tae Hyo; Jung, Woon-Tae; Lee, Ok Jae; Bae, In-Gyu (2009). "Reactivation of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a Patient with Polygonum multiflorum Thunb-Induced Hepatitis". Gut and Liver. 3 (1): 52–6. doi:10.5009/gnl.2009.3.1.52. PMC 2871557Freely accessible. PMID 20479902.
  11. ↑ Wang, T; Wang, J; Jiang, Z; Zhou, Z; Li, Y; Zhang, L; Zhang, L (2012). "Study on hepatotoxicity of aqueous extracts of Polygonum multiforum in rats after 28-day oral administration-analysis on correlation of cholestasis". Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 37 (10): 1445–50. PMID 22860459.
  12. ↑ Jung, KA; Min, HJ; Yoo, SS; Kim, HJ; Choi, SN; Ha, CY; Kim, HJ; Kim, TH; et al. (2011). "Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Twenty Five Cases of Acute Hepatitis Following Ingestion of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb". Gut and liver. 5 (4): 493–9. doi:10.5009/gnl.2011.5.4.493. PMC 3240794Freely accessible. PMID 22195249.
  13. ↑ Cárdenas, A; Restrepo, JC; Sierra, F; Correa, G (2006). "Acute hepatitis due to shen-min: A herbal product derived from Polygonum multiflorum". Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 40 (7): 629–32. doi:10.1097/00004836-200608000-00014. PMID 16917407.
  14. ↑ "Antioxidant activity of stilbene glycoside from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb in vivo".
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