HMS Papillon (1803)

History
France
Name: Papillon
Ordered: 16 May 1793
Builder: Nantes
Laid down: June 1793
Launched: 23 August 1793
Captured: 4 September 1803
UK
Name: HMS Papillon
Acquired: 4 September 1803
Fate: Foundered September 1805
General characteristics [1][2]
Type: Cerf-Volant-class brig
Displacement: 160 tons (French)
Tons burthen: 145  39⁄94 (bm)
Length:
  • 64 ft 0 in (19.51 m) (overall);
  • 54 ft 0 in (16.5 m) (keel)
Beam: 22 ft 6 in (6.86 m)
Propulsion: Sails
Sail plan: Brig
Complement:
  • French service:110
  • British service:121
Armament:
  • French service:12 × 4-pounder guns
  • British service:Unknown

HMS Papillon was the French Navy's 12-gun brig Papillon, which the British captured in September 1803. She foundered in September 1805 with the loss of all her crew.

French career and capture

Papillon was launched in 1793 and is sometimes referred to as Papillon No. 2, as the 6-gun brig-aviso Papillon was still in service.[1] The 12-gun Papillon participated in the Croisière du Grand Hiver, an unsuccessful sortie by the French fleet at Brest on 24 December 1794.

In September 1803 the rebel slaves under General Jean-Jacques Dessalines were closely pressing the French troops in northwest Saint Domingue. Captain Walker, of Vanguard, off the Mole St. Nicholas, persuaded the General not to put the garrison of Saint-Marc to death but to march them to the Mole in safety where Vanguard would take possession of the shipping in the bay. Walker succeeded in evacuating the 850 men of the garrison, all very emaciated. He also brought out the brigs Papillon and Trois Amis (a transport), and the schooner Mary Sally, with 40 or 50 barrels of powder. Papillon was pierced for 12 guns but only mounted six. She had a crew of 52 men under the command of Mons. Dubourg.[3]

British service

The British took Papillon into service under her existing name.[4] She was commissioned in 1804 under Lieutenant John Smyth in the Leeward Islands.[2]

In 1805 Lieutenant William Woolsey replaced Smyth. Woolsey received a promotion to Commander in March but was not yet able to take it up.[2]

On 15 April 1805 Papillon was anchored at Savanna-la-Mar, Jamaica, when the master of a drogger informed Woolsey that there was a Spanish privateer felucca off the west coast of the island. Woolsey realised that the felucca would escape if he approached in Papillon and decided to use a stratagem. He borrowed a shallop from a merchant ship, disguised her as drogger, and put on board 25 men under the command of Lieutenant Prieur. The mock drogger encountered the felucca by 8p.m. the same evening and Prieur permitted the unsuspecting privateer to come alongside. He then had his men fire a volley into the privateer and board her. In the action, the privateer lost seven men killed or drowned, and eight badly wounded, out of a crew of 25; the British had two men slightly wounded. Four of the privateer's crew swam ashore, where the militia seized them.

The privateer was Conception, of 25 tons burthen (bm), armed with one 3-pounder gun and small arms. She was three days out of Cuba and had taken no prizes. Woolsey delivered his prisoners and the wounded to Savanna-La-Mar.[5] Around this time Papillon also recaptured the British schooner Desirée.[6]

Fate

Papillon, still under Woolsey's command, was lost in September 1805, with all her crew. She and Vanguard sailed from Jamaica on 28 July as escorts to a convoy. On 25 September Papillon parted company from the convoy during a gale in the Atlantic. The convoy arrived at Spithead on 14 October but Papillon never arrived.[7][Note 1]

Filn: Master and Commander

Papillon's capture of the Spanish privateer by stratagem in April 1805 bares remarkable similarities to a similar incident in the film Master and Commander. Writer Patrick O'Brian drew on the Napoleonic Wars for his script and details. Papillon is the same class of ship as used in the movie, and the date April 1805 in the movie corresponds with actual Papillon capture in Jamaica on 15 April 1805. The receiving of information that a ship is at anchor the other side of the island and the heroic capture by force match the movie with the actual events of Papillon's capture of Conception as recorded in the Woolesey's letter.

Notes, citations, and references

Notes

  1. ↑ Later correspondence in Admiralty records calls for Papillon to be paid off, without standing wages being paid to the heirs of the crew. The letter refers to Papillon having foundered in September 1806, the year being almost certainly an error.[8]

Citations

  1. 1 2 Winfield and Roberts (2015), p. 207.
  2. 1 2 3 Winfield (2008), p.348.
  3. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 15654. p. 1724. 8 December 1803.
  4. ↑ Colledge & Warlow (2006), p.298.
  5. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 15823. pp. 901–902. 9 July 1805.
  6. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 15827. p. 954. 23 July 1805.
  7. ↑ Morning Post, 16 October 1805; Caledonian Mercury, 19 October 1805.
  8. ↑ National Archives ADM.354/225.

References

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