Gross anatomy

This article is about the area of study. For the movie, see Gross Anatomy (film).

Gross anatomy (also called topographical anatomy) is the study of anatomy at the macroscopic level.

Techniques of study

Gross anatomy is studied using both invasive and noninvasive methods with the goal of obtaining information about the macroscopic structure and organization of organs and organ systems. Among the most common methods of study is dissection, in which the corpse of an animal or a human cadaver is surgically opened and its organs studied. Endoscopy, in which a video camera-equipped instrument is inserted through a small incision in the subject, may be used to explore the internal organs and other structures of living animals. The anatomy of the circulatory system in a living animal may be studied noninvasively via angiography, a technique in which blood vessels are visualized after being injected with an opaque dye. Other means of study include radiological techniques of imaging, such as X-ray and MRI.

In education

Most doctoral health profession schools, such as medical and dental schools, require that students complete a practical (dissection) course in gross human anatomy. Such courses aim to educate students in basic human anatomy and seek to establish anatomical landmarks that may later be used to aid medical diagnosis. Many schools provide students with cadavers for investigation by dissection, aided by dissection manuals, as well as cadaveric atlases (e.g. Netter's, Rohen's). Working intimately with a cadaver during a gross anatomy course captures the essence of the patient-provider relationship. ^[1]

Notes

↑ Aziz, M. Ashraf; Mckenzie, James C.; Wilson, James S.; Cowie, Robert J.; Ayeni, Sylvanus A.; Dunn, Barbara K. (15 February 2002). "The human cadaver in the age of biomedical informatics". The Anatomical Record. 269 (1): 20–32. doi:10.1002/ar.10046.

References

Standring, Susan (2008) Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice, 39th Edition

Books

Atlas of Clinical Gross Anatomy

Anatomy and morphology

Fields	Gross anatomy Superficial anatomy Neuroanatomy Comparative anatomy Transcendental anatomy Microscopic anatomy histology molecular

Bacteria	Bacterial cell structure

Protists	Level of organization Structures

Plants	Plant anatomy Plant habit Plant life-form/growth-form/physiognomy Plant morphology Fruit anatomy

Invertebrates	Body plan Decapod anatomy Gastropod anatomy Insect morphology Spider anatomy

Mammals	Human anatomy Neanderthal anatomy Cat anatomy Dog anatomy Horse anatomy Elephant anatomy Giraffe anatomy

Other vertebrates	Bird anatomy Fish anatomy Shark anatomy

Other topics	Allometry Brain morphometry Morphometrics Physiognomy

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