Glossary of Russian and USSR aviation acronyms: Avionics and instruments

This is a glossary of acronyms and initials used for avionics and aircraft instruments in the Russian federation and formerly the USSR. The Latin-alphabet names are phonetic representations of the Cyrillic originals, and variations are inevitable.

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Avionics and instruments

AB
- navigation display/drift sight[1]
ABSU
- integrated automatic control system[2]
AChKhO
- chronometer[1]
AGD
- artificial horizons and situation display[3]
AGI
Avia-gorizont Istrebitel'nyy – artificial horizon for fighter aircraft[4]
AGK
- artificial horizon0[1]
AIP
- optical bombsight[5]
AIS
- astro-inertial navigation system[2]
AP
1. - directional Gyro[6]
2. - autopilots[3] pre1960
APD
- secure digital data-links[3]
APM
- magnetic anomaly detectors[3] MAD
APP
- automatic control systems for dispensers[3] ('chuff and fluff' - Chaff and Flare countermeasures)
APS
Avtomaht Pereklahdki Stabilizahtora – automatic stabiliser incidence adjuster[7]
ARK
Automatcheskiy RadioKompass - automatic radio compass ADF[4]
ARL
- analogue FM secure data-links and beacon rx[3]
ARL-SM
- analogue FM secure data-links and beacon rx[8]
ARU
Avtomat Regulirovaniya Usily – artificial feel device[4]
ARZ
Avtomat Regulirovaniya Zagruzki - artificial feel system[4]
ANP
Avtomaticheskiy Navigatsionnyy Pribor – automatic navigation device
APP
Avtomaht Passivnykh Pomekh – automatic passive ECM/IRCM device[1]
ASP
1. Aviacionny Strelkovy Pritsel – aerial gun-sight[4]
2. Avtomaticheskiy Strelkovyy Pritsel – computing gun-sight[7]
ASTU
- airborne automatic thermo-anemometer
ASU
- GCI receivers[3]
AU
Avtomaht Oosiliy – automatic artificial feel unit[9]
AUASP
Avtomaht Ooglov Atahki, Snosa i Peregroozki – automatic AOA/sideslip/g limiter[8]
AVR-M
- chronometer0[1]
BARS
Bortovaya Avtomaticheskaya Registreeruyushchaya Sistema – on-board automatic recording system[1]
BKO
- integrated defence electronics complex[3]
BKP
Blok Krenovykh Popravok – bank compensation module[10]
BMR
- weather research RADAR[1]
BRS
- telemetry receiver[3]
BTsK
Bortovoy Tsifrovoy Kompleks – on-board digital suite[7]
BU
Blok Oopravleniya - control module[11]
D
- Dutch roll damper[8]
DA
- combined VSI & turn and bank indicator[8]
DAK-DB
Distantsionnyy AstroKompass – DAB – remote celestial compass[9]
DGMK
Distantsionnyy Gheeromagnitnyy Kompass – gyro-magnetic compass[1]
DIK
- flux-gate compass[6]
DISS
Doplerovskiy Izmeritel' Skorosti i Snosa - doppler speed/drift sensor system[3]
DNM
- secure data link[3]
DT
- pitch damper[8]
EDGMK
Elektricheskiy Distantsionnyy Gheeromagnitnyy Kompass – electro-gyro-magnetic compass[7]
ESUV
Elektronnaya Sistema Upravleniya Vozduhozabornika – inlet ramp control system[4]
EUP
Elektrischeskiy Ooskazahtel' Povorota – electric turn and bank indicator[1]
G
(suffix) Grazahnskiy - civil[12]
GIK
GheeroIndooktsionnyy Kompass - earth inductor/gyro flux compass[7]
GLONASS
GLObahl'naya NAvigatsionnaya Spootnikovaya Sistema – global navigation satellite system[3]
GMK-TG
- compass system[5]
GIK
- directional gyro[5]
GPK
GheeroPoluKompas - gyro-compass[9]
IA
- exhaust gas temperature indicator[2]
IKVR
Izmeritel'nyy Kompleks Vysokovo Razresheniya – high resolution measurement system[1]
IKVR
Izmeritel'nyy Kompleks Vysokovo Razresheniya – high resolution measurement system[1]
ILS
- advanced HUD[3] no relation to ILS
IRIS
Izmeritel'-Registrahtor Impool'snykh Signahlov – [electro-magnetic] pulse signal measurement and recording device[10]
IS
- inertial navigation system[7]
ITE
- tachometer[2]
IVR
Indikahtor Vertikahl'nykh Rezheemov – vertical modes indicator[2]
K
Kompleks [Vo'orouzheniya] – weapons system[10]
KAP
Korrekteeruyemaya Avia P - autopilot roll only[7]
KI
- compass[1]
KN
Kompleks Navigahtsii/Navigatsionnyy – navigation system[7]
KP
Kol'tsevoy Pritsel - ring sight[13]
KPM
Kompleks Polunatoornovo Modeleerovaniya – testrig/combat simulator[7]
KRU
Komanhdnoye Rahdio'upravleniye - radio command guidance system[11]
KRU-UB
Komanhdnoye Rahdio'upravleniye Oopravlyayemoy Bomboy - radio command guidance system for UB guided bombs[11]
KS
Koorsovaya Sistema – compass system[8]
KSI
Koorsavaya Sistema Istrebiel'naya – course indicator system for fighters[7]
KUS
Kombineerovanny oozkazahtel' Skorosti – airspeed indicator[1]
MA
- Mach meter[1]
MFBU
MnogoFoonktsionahl'nyy Blok Oopravleniya – multi-function missile control module[7]
MRP
Markernyy RahdioPreeyomnik - marker beacon receiver[4]
MS
NBA
Navigatsionnyy Bombardirovchnyy Avtomaht – automatic navigation/bomb release module[9]
NI
Navigatsionnyy Indikahtor - ground position indicator[14]
NK
Navigatsionnyy Kompleks – navigation suite[2]
NKPB
Nochnoy Kollimahtonyy Pritsel Bombardirovochnyy – night capable collimator bombsight[5]
NVU
Navigatsionnoye Vychislitel'noye Oostroystvo - navigation computer[8]
OEPS
Optika-Elektronnoya Pritselnaya Sistema – electro-optical search and track system[4]
OEPrNK
Optika-Elektronnoya Pritsel'no-navigatsionnyy Kompleks – electro-optical weapons aiming and navigation system[7]
OLS-M
Optiko-Lokatsionnaya Stahntsiya – Modernizeerovannaya – combined IR/TV search and track/laser ranger unit[7]
OP
Opticheskiy Pritsel - optical gunsight[13]
OPB
Opticheskiy Pritsel bombardirovochnyy – optical synchronised bombsight[10]
OSP
Oboroodovaniye Slepoy Posahdki - instrument/blind landing system[3]
P
(suffix) Pomekhozashchishchonnost – ECM resistant[7]
PARG
Poluaktivnaya Rahdiolokatsionnaya Golovka [samonavedeniya] – semi-active radar seeker head[7]
PBK
Pritsel Dlya Bombometahniya s Kabreerovaniya – bomb sight for nbomb delivery in a climb [toss/loft bombing sight][7]
PDSP
Parashootno-desahntnaya Sistema Pelengahtsii – parachute dropping system receiver[5]
PINO
Proyektsionnyy Indikahtor Navigatsionnoy Obstanovki – navigation head up display[2]
PKI
Pritsel KI - collimator sight[7]
PNS
Pritsel'no-navigatsionnaya Sistema - nav attack system[3]
PP
Pritsel P – high altitude sight[1]
PRGS
Poluaktivnaya Rahdiolokatsionnaya Golovka Samonavedeniya – semi-active radar seeker[7]
PrNK
Pritsel'no-Navigatsionnyy Kompleks – nav/attack system[7]
PRS
Pritsel Rahdiolokatsionnyy Strelkoyy - gunners RADAR sight[3]
PS
Pritsel'naya stahntsiya – sighting station[9]
PSBN
Pribor Slepovo Bomometahniya I Navigahtsii – search/bomb-aiming RADAR[10]
PSP
Pritsel Strelkovyy Periskopicheskiy – flexible periscopic sight[6]
PTN
Pritsel Torpednyy Nizko-vysotnyy – low altitude torpedo sight[1]
PTU
- video recording system
PVU
Pritsel'no-Vychislitel'noye Oostroystvo – computing sight[15]
R
- radio transmitter[5]
RBP
Rahdiolokatsionnyy Bombardirovochnyy Pritsel – RADAR bomb sight[3]
RGB
RahdioGhidroakoosticheskiy Booy – sonobuoy
RI
Rechevoy Informahtor – automatic voice annunciator[2]
RIS
Rahdio'iskhatel Samolyotov – radio device for detecting aircraft[16] early name for RADAR in USSR
RIU
Reghistreeruyushcheye Indikahtornoye oostroystvo – display and recording unit[7]
RLPK
RahdioLokatsionnyy Pritsel'nyy Kompleks – radar targeting system[7]
ROZ
Radiolokahtor Obzora Zemlee - weather/navigation radar[12]
RP
Rahdiolokatsionnyy Pritsel – radio[RADAR] sight[3]
RP-SA
Rahdiolokatsionnyy Pritsel - SA – radio[RADAR] sight[8]
RP
– translusency recorder
RPK
RahdioPoluKompas - direction finder[17]
RPKO
RahdioPoluKOmpas - direction finder[17]
RPSN
Rahdiolohkatsionnyy Pribor Slepoy Navigahtsii – blind navigation radar device[1]
RSB
Radio Stahntsiya Bombardirovochnaya – bomber aircraft radio station[4]
RSBN
Radio Stahntsiya Blizhnei Navigatsii - short range radio navigation system[4] SHORAN
RSI
Radio Stahntsiya Istrebitelnaya – fighter radio system[4]
RSIU
Radio Stahntsiya Istrebitelnaya Ultrakorotkovolnovaya – fighter V/UHF radio system[4]
RTO
- data-link system[2]
RSU
Radio Stahntsiya Ultrakorotkovolnovaya – UHF radio system[4]
RTS
RahdiotelemeTricheskaya Stahntsiya – radio telemetry station[1]
RUP
Reshayushcheye Oostroystvo Posahdki – landing computer[7] ILS
RUSP
RahdioUstroystvo Slepoy Posahdki – blind landing radio device[6] ILS
RV
RahdioVysotomer – radio altimeter[4]
RV-UM
RahdioVysotomer UM – radio altimeter UM[4]
SAB
Sistema Avtomaticheskoy Balansirovki – automatic longitudinal trim system[2]
SAMB
- airborne automatic weather research module
SARPP
Sistema Avtomaticheskoy Registratsii Poletnykh Parametrov/Parametrov Polyota – in-flight recorder[4]
SAU
Sistema Avtomaticheskogo Upravleniya - autopilot[4]
SBI
- phased array, pulse-doppler radar[1]
SCh
- Svoy/Choozkoy - IFF[10] IFF
SD
- distance measuring equipment
SDU
Sistema Distancionnogo Upravleniya – fly by wire control system[4]
SGU
Samolyotnoye Gromkogovoryashcheye Oostroystvo – airborne loudspeaker system[1]
ShKAI
Sheeroko'ugol'nyy Kollimahtornyy Aviatsionnyy Indikahtor – wide angle collimated display for aircraft[7] wide angle HUD
SIV
Samolyotnyy Infrakrahsnyy Vizeer – aircraft mounted Infra-Red sight[7]
SN
Sistema Navigahtsii - navigation system[7]
SO
Samoletny Otvetchik – aircraft transponder[4]
SOD
Stahntsiya Opredeleniya Dahl'nosti - radio rangefinder[10] DME
SOI
Sistema otobrazheniya Informahtsii – data presentation system[7]
SOM
Samolyotnyy Otvetchik Mezhdunarodnyy – aircraft mounted international transponder[2]
SOUA
Sistema Organicheniya Oogla Atahki – angle of attack limiter system[7]
SOS
Sistema Organichitel'nykh Signahlov – AOA limiter[7]
SP
[sistema / apparatoora] Slepoy Posahdki - ILS[5]
SPARU
Samolotnoye Preeyomnoye Avtomaticheskoye RahdioUstroystvo – airborne automatic radio receiver device [sono-buoy receiver][1]
SPGS
Samolyotnaya peregovornaya Gromkogovoryashchaya Sistema – intercom system
SPI
- LORAN[9]
SPO
Sistema Preduprezhdeniya ob Obluchenii – irradiation warning system[RWR][7]
SPRS
- heading radar[10]
SPS
Stahntsiya Pomekhovykh Signahlov – [lit. interference emitter] active jammer[10]
SPU
Samolyotnoye Peregovornoye Oostroystvo - intercom[4]
SRD
Samolyotnyy RahdioDahl'nomer – aircraft radio rangefinder[gun ranging radar][7]
SRO
Samolyotnyy Rahdiolokatsionnyy Otvetchik – airborne IFF transponder[10]
SRP
Shchotno-reshayushchiy Pribor – counting and computing device[7]
SRS
Stahntsiya Razvedki Svyazi – signals intelligence pack[7]
SRZO
Sistema/Samolyotnyy Radio[lokatsionnyy] Zaproschik Otvetchik – IFF airborne / system[4][10]
SSP
Sistema Signalizahtsii Pozhara – fire warning system[2]
STU
- approach/landing system[2]
SUIT
- fuel metering system[2]
SUU
Sistema Oostoychivosti I Oopravlyayemosti - stability and control system[2]
SUV
Sistema Oopravleniya Vo'oruzheniyem – weapons control system[7]
SVB
- medium wave radio[5]
SVS
Sistema Vozdushnyh Signahlov – air data computer[4]
SYeV
Sistema Yedinovo Vremeni – time synchronisation system[1]
TARK
Televizionnyy Aviatsionnyy Razvedyvatel'nyy Kompleks – TV reconnaissance system[10]
TKS
TeleKodovaya Sistema – encrypted data-link system[7]
TP
1. TeploPelengahtor – FLIR sensor[7]
2. Televizionnyy Pritsel - television sight[12]
TS
Tablo Signalizahtsii – warning/caution light panel[2]
TSP
Televizionnyy Strelkovyy Ptritsel - television sighting system[12]
TsGV
- Gyro-flux gate[5]
TsP
- fire control RADAR[7]
TsPNK
Tsifrovoy Pilatzhno-Navigatsionnyy Kompleks – digital flight avionics/navigation suite[10]
TsSV
- central air data system
TsSVM
Tsifrovaya Vychislitel'naya Mashina – digital computer[2]
RGB-N
Rahdio-Ghidroakoosticheskiy Booy N - sonobuoy[1]
UISM
- combined ASI/machmeter[8]
UNSM
- combined ASI/machmeter[2]
UP
1. - nozzle position indicator[2]
2. Ookazahtel' Povorota – turn indicator[1]
UPS
Ookazahtel Polozheniya Stabilizahtora – tailplane incidence indicator[8]
US
1. - radio receiver[5]
2. Ookazahtel' skorosti - combined airspeed indicator[2]
UUAP
Ukazatel Uglov Ataki i Peregruzki – combined AOA and g indicator[3] indicator[4]
UUT
Ookazaht' Oogla Tangazha – pitch angle indicator[2]
UVPD
Ookazahtel' Vysoty i Perepahda Davleniya – cockpit altitude and pressure indicator[8]
VAR
Variometr - vertical speed indicator / variometer[1]
VB
Vychslitel' Ballisticheskiy – ballistics computer[8]
VD
- altimeter[1]
VDI
- two-needle altimeter[8]
VGS
- sonobuoy system[1]
VK
- correction switch[2]
VKR-S
Vychislitel' Kriticheskikh rezheemov - dangerous flight modes computer[2]
VMSh
Vremennoy Mekhanizm Shtoormovika – attack release timing mechanism[1]
VSP
- speed altitude auto-hold module[10]
VT
- altimeter[2]
VTF
- altimeter[2]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Gordon, Yefim. Komissarov, Dmitry & Sergey. OKB Ilyushin. Hinkley. Midland. 2004. ISBN 1-85780-187-3
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Gordon,Yefim & Rigmant, Vladimir. Tupolev Tu-144. Midland. Hinkley. 2005. ISBN 1-85780-216-0 ISBN 978 185780 216 0
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Gunston, Bill. The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995. London, Osprey. 1995. ISBN 1-85532-405-9
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Antonov,Vladimir & Gordon, Yefim & others. OKB Sukhoi. Leicester. Midland. 1996. ISBN 1-85780-012-5
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Gordon, Yefim. Komissarov, Dmitry & Sergey. Antonov's Turboprop Twins. Hinkley. Midland. 2003. ISBN 1-85780-153-9
  6. 1 2 3 4 Gordon, Yefim. Early Soviet Jet Bombers. Hinkley, Midland. 2004. ISBN 1-85780-181-4
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Gordon, Yefim & Komissarov, Dmitry. OKB Mikoyan. Hinkley, Midland. 2009. ISBN 978-1-85780-307-5
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Gordon, Yefim. Soviet Heavy Interceptors. Hinkley, Midland. 2004. ISBN 1-85780-191-1
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Gordon, Yefim. Myasischev M-4 and 3M. Hinkley. Midland. 2003. ISBN 1-85780-152-0
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Gordon, Yefim. Komissarov, Dmitry & Sergey. OKB Yakovlev. Hinkley. Midland. 2005. ISBN 1-85780-203-9
  11. 1 2 3 Gordon, Yefim. Soviet/Russian Aircraft Weapons. Midland. 2004. ISBN 1-85780-188-1
  12. 1 2 3 4 Gordon, Yefim & Rigmant, Vladimir. Tupolev Tu-104. Midland. Hinkley. 2007. ISBN 978-1-85780-265-8
  13. 1 2 Gordon,Yefim. & Dexter, Keith. Polikarpov's Biplane Fighters. Hinkley. Midland Publishing. 2002. ISBN 1-85780-141-5
  14. ↑ Gordon, Yefim. Early Soviet Jet Fighters. Hinkley, Midland. 2002. ISBN 1-85780-139-3
  15. ↑ Gordon, Yefim. Sukhoi Interceptors. Hinkley, Midland. 2004. ISBN 1-85780-180-6
  16. ↑ Gordon, Yefim. Soviet Rocket Fighters. Hinkley, Midland. 2006. ISBN 1-85780-245-4 / ISBN 978-1-85780-245-0
  17. 1 2 Gordon, Yefim. Lavochkin's Last Jets. Hinkley, Midland. 2004. ISBN 1-85780-253-5 / ISBN 978-1-85780-253-5
  • Gordon, Yefim. Early Soviet Jet Bombers. Hinkley, Midland. 2004. ISBN 1-85780-181-4
  • Gordon, Yefim. Early Soviet Jet Fighters. Hinkley, Midland. 2002. ISBN 1-85780-139-3
  • Gordon, Yefim. Sukhoi Interceptors. Hinkley, Midland. 2004. ISBN 1-85780-180-6
  • Gordon, Yefim. Soviet Rocket Fighters. Hinkley, Midland. 2006. ISBN 1-85780-245-4 / ISBN 978-1-85780-245-0
  • Gordon, Yefim. Soviet Heavy Interceptors. Hinkley, Midland. 2004. ISBN 1-85780-191-1
  • Gordon, Yefim. Lavochkin's Last Jets. Hinkley, Midland. 2004. ISBN 1-85780-253-5 / ISBN 978-1-85780-253-5
  • Gordon, Yefim & Komissarov, Dmitry & Komissarov, Sergey. OKB Ilyushin. Hinkley, Midland. 2004. ISBN 1-85780-187-3
  • Gunston, Bill. The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995. London, Osprey. 1995. ISBN 1-85532-405-9
  • Antonov, Vladimir & Gordon, Yefim & others. OKB Sukhoi. Leicester. Midland. 1996. ISBN 1-85780-012-5
  • Gordon, Yefim. Komissarov, Dmitry & Sergey. OKB Yakovlev. Hinkley. Midland. 2005. ISBN 1-85780-203-9
  • Gordon, Yefim & Komissarov, Dmitry. OKB Mikoyan. Hinkley, Midland. 2009. ISBN 978-1-85780-307-5
  • Gordon, Yefim. Komissarov, Dmitry & Sergey. OKB Ilyushin. Hinkley. Midland. 2004. ISBN 1-85780-187-3
  • Gordon, Yefim & Rigmant, Vladimir. Tupolev Tu-144. Midland. Hinkley. 2005. ISBN 1-85780-216-0 ISBN 978 185780 216 0
  • Gordon, Yefim & Komissarov, Dmitry. Antonov An-12. Midland. Hinkley. 2007. ISBN 1-85780-255-1 ISBN 978 1 85780 255 9
  • Gordon, Yefim & Komissarov, Dmitry & Komissarov, Sergey. Mil's Heavylift Helicopters. Hinkley, Midland. 2005. ISBN 1-85780-206-3
  • Gordon, Yefim. Tupolev Tu-160 "Blackjack". Hinkley, Midland. 2003. ISBN 1-85780-147-4
  • Gordon, Yefim & Komissarov, Dmitry. Antonov's Jet Twins. Hinkley, Midland. 2005. ISBN 1-85780-199-7
  • Gordon, Yefim & Komissarov, Dmitry. Kamov Ka-27/-32 Family. Hinkley, Midland. 2006. ISBN 1-85780-237-3 ISBN 978 1 85780 237 5
  • Gordon, Yefim & Komissarov, Dmitry. Antonov An-2. Midland. Hinkley. 2004. ISBN 1-85780-162-8
  • Gordon, Yefim & Rigmant, Vladimir. Tupolev Tu-114. Midland. Hinkley. 2007. ISBN 1-85780-246-2 ISBN 978 1 85780 246 7
  • Gordon, Yefim & Komissarov, Dmitry. Ilyushin Il-12 and Il-14. Midland. Hinkley. 2005. ISBN 1-85780-223-3 ISBN 978 1 85780 223 8
  • Gordon, Yefim. Yakovlev Yak-36, Yak-38 & Yak-41. Midland. Hinkley. 2008. ISBN 978-1-85780-287-0
  • Gordon, Yefim. Komissarov, Dmitry & Sergey. Antonov's Turboprop Twins. Hinkley. Midland. 2003. ISBN 1-85780-153-9
  • Gordon, Yefim. Myasischev M-4 and 3M. Hinkley. Midland. 2003. ISBN 1-85780-152-0
  • Gordon, Yefim & Rigmant, Vladimir. Tupolev Tu-104. Midland. Hinkley. 2007. ISBN 978-1-85780-265-8
  • Gordon, Yefim. Komissarov, Dmitry. Mil Mi-8/Mi-17. Hinkley. Midland. 2003. ISBN 1-85780-161-X
  • Gordon, Yefim & Dexter, Kieth Polikarpov's I-16 Fighter. Hinkley. Midland. 2001. ISBN 1-85780-131-8
  • Gordon, Yefim. Mikoyan MiG-25 "Foxbat". Hinkley. Midland. 2007. ISBN 1-85780-259-4 ISBN 978 1 85780 259 7
  • Gordon, Yefim & Dexter, Kieth Mikoyan's Piston-Engined Fighters. Hinkley. Midland. 2003. ISBN 1-85780-160-1
  • Gordon, Yefim & Rigmant, Vladimir. Tupolev Tu-4. Midland. Hinkley. 2002. ISBN 1-85780-142-3
  • Gordon, Yefim. Sukhoi S-37 and Mikoyan MFI. Midland. Hinkley. 2001 reprinted 2006. ISBN 1-85780-120-2 ISBN 978 1 85780 120 0
  • Gordon, Yefim. Khazanov, Dmitry. Yakovlev's Piston-Engined Fighters. Hinkley. Midland. 2002. ISBN 1-85780-140-7
  • Gordon, Yefim. Sal'nikov, Andrey. Zablotsky, Aleksandr. Beriev's Jet Flying Boats. Hinkley. Midland. 2006. ISBN 1-85780-236-5 ISBN 978 1 85780 236 8
  • Gordon, Yefim. & Dexter, Keith. Polikarpov's Biplane Fighters. Hinkley. Midland Publishing. 2002. ISBN 1-85780-141-5
  • Gordon, Yefim. Soviet/Russian Aircraft Weapons. Midland. 2004. ISBN 1-85780-188-1
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