GFER

GFER
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
Aliases GFER, ALR, ERV1, HERV1, HPO, HPO1, HPO2, HSS, growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration
External IDs MGI: 107757 HomoloGene: 55884 GeneCards: GFER
RNA expression pattern


More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez

2671

11692

Ensembl

ENSG00000127554

ENSMUSG00000040888

UniProt

P55789

P56213

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_005262

NM_023040
NM_212443

RefSeq (protein)

NP_005253.3

NP_075527.2

Location (UCSC) Chr 16: 1.98 – 1.99 Mb Chr 17: 24.69 – 24.7 Mb
PubMed search [1] [2]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration (ERV1 homolog, S. cerevisiae), also known as GFER, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the GFER gene.[3]

This gene is also known as Essential for Respiration and Vegatative growth/Augmenter of Liver Regeneration/Growth Factor Erv1-like/Hepatic regenerative Stimulation Substance/hepatopoietin.

Genomics

The gene resides on chromosome 16 in the interval containing the locus for polycystic kidney disease (PKD1). The putative gene product is 42% similar to the scERV1 protein of yeast. The human gene has three exons: the first encodes a 5' untranslated region and the first part of the protein; the second encodes the bulk of the protein; and the third the remainder.

Molecular biology

Proteins of the ERV1/ALR family are encoded by all eukaryotes and cytoplasmic DNA viruses for which the sequence data are available. All possess a C-X-X-C motif within a ~100 amino acid domain

Function

The hepatotrophic factor designated augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) is thought to be one of the factors responsible for the extraordinary regenerative capacity of mammalian liver. It has also been called hepatic regenerative stimulation substance (HSS). The yeast scERV1 gene had been found to be essential for oxidative phosphorylation, the maintenance of mitochondrial genomes, and the cell division cycle. The human gene is both the structural and functional homolog of the yeast scERV1 gene.[3]

This protein interacts with Mia40 during the import of intermembrane space proteins including the small Tim proteins Cox17 and Cox19 both of which have disulfide bonds.

Interactions

GFER has been shown to interact with COP9 constitutive photomorphogenic homolog subunit 5[4] and BNIPL.[5]

References

  1. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
  2. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
  3. 1 2 "Entrez Gene: GFER growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration (ERV1 homolog, S. cerevisiae)".
  4. ↑ Lu C, Li Y, Zhao Y, Xing G, Tang F, Wang Q, Sun Y, Wei H, Yang X, Wu C, Chen J, Guan KL, Zhang C, Chen H, He F (Jan 2002). "Intracrine hepatopoietin potentiates AP-1 activity through JAB1 independent of MAPK pathway". FASEB Journal. 16 (1): 90–2. doi:10.1096/fj.01-0506fje. PMID 11709497.
  5. ↑ Shen L, Hu J, Lu H, Wu M, Qin W, Wan D, Li YY, Gu J (Apr 2003). "The apoptosis-associated protein BNIPL interacts with two cell proliferation-related proteins, MIF and GFER". FEBS Letters. 540 (1-3): 86–90. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00229-1. PMID 12681488.

Further reading

  • Francavilla A, Hagiya M, Porter KA, Polimeno L, Ihara I, Starzl TE (Sep 1994). "Augmenter of liver regeneration: its place in the universe of hepatic growth factors". Hepatology. 20 (3): 747–57. doi:10.1002/hep.1840200328. PMID 8076931. 
  • Gatzidou E, Kouraklis G, Theocharis S (Aug 2006). "Insights on augmenter of liver regeneration cloning and function". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 12 (31): 4951–8. PMID 16937489. 
  • Lisowsky T (Mar 1992). "Dual function of a new nuclear gene for oxidative phosphorylation and vegetative growth in yeast". Molecular & General Genetics. 232 (1): 58–64. doi:10.1007/BF00299137. PMID 1552903. 
  • Renan MJ, Reeves BR (1987). "Chromosomal localization of human endogenous retroviral element ERV1 to 18q22----q23 by in situ hybridization". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 44 (2-3): 167–70. doi:10.1159/000132365. PMID 3568764. 
  • O'Brien SJ, Bonner TI, Cohen M, O'Connell C, Nash WG (1983). "Mapping of an endogenous retroviral sequence to human chromosome 18". Nature. 303 (5912): 74–7. doi:10.1038/303074a0. PMID 6843662. 
  • Lisowsky T, Weinstat-Saslow DL, Barton N, Reeders ST, Schneider MC (Oct 1995). "A new human gene located in the PKD1 region of chromosome 16 is a functional homologue to ERV1 of yeast". Genomics. 29 (3): 690–7. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.9950. PMID 8575761. 
  • Giorda R, Hagiya M, Seki T, Shimonishi M, Sakai H, Michaelson J, Francavilla A, Starzl TE, Trucco M (Jan 1996). "Analysis of the structure and expression of the augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) gene". Molecular Medicine. 2 (1): 97–108. PMC 2230030Freely accessible. PMID 8900538. 
  • Yang XM, Hu ZY, Xie L, Wu ZZ, Wu CT, He FC (Oct 1997). "[In vitro stimulation of HTC hepatoma cell growth by recombinant human augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR)]". Sheng Li Xue Bao. 49 (5): 557–61. PMID 9813496. 
  • Wang G, Yang X, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Chen H, Wei H, Xing G, Xie L, Hu Z, Zhang C, Fang D, Wu C, He F (Apr 1999). "Identification and characterization of receptor for mammalian hepatopoietin that is homologous to yeast ERV1". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (17): 11469–72. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.17.11469. PMID 10206950. 
  • Hofhaus G, Stein G, Polimeno L, Francavilla A, Lisowsky T (May 1999). "Highly divergent amino termini of the homologous human ALR and yeast scERV1 gene products define species specific differences in cellular localization". European Journal of Cell Biology. 78 (5): 349–56. doi:10.1016/S0171-9335(99)80069-7. PMID 10384986. 
  • Li Y, Li M, Xing G, Hu Z, Wang Q, Dong C, Wei H, Fan G, Chen J, Yang X, Zhao S, Chen H, Guan K, Wu C, Zhang C, He F (Dec 2000). "Stimulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade and tyrosine phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor by hepatopoietin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (48): 37443–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M004373200. PMID 10982794. 
  • Lu C, Li Y, Zhao Y, Xing G, Tang F, Wang Q, Sun Y, Wei H, Yang X, Wu C, Chen J, Guan KL, Zhang C, Chen H, He F (Jan 2002). "Intracrine hepatopoietin potentiates AP-1 activity through JAB1 independent of MAPK pathway". FASEB Journal. 16 (1): 90–2. doi:10.1096/fj.01-0506fje. PMID 11709497. 
  • Cheng J, Zhong YW, Liu Y, Dong J, Yang JZ, Chen JM (Apr 2000). "Cloning and sequence analysis of human genomic DNA of augmenter of liver regeneration". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 6 (2): 275–277. PMID 11819575. 
  • Li Y, Xing G, Wang Q, Li M, Wei H, Fan G, Chen J, Yang X, Wu C, Chen H, He F (Dec 2001). "Hepatopoietin acts as an autocrine growth factor in hepatoma cells". DNA and Cell Biology. 20 (12): 791–5. doi:10.1089/104454901753438606. PMID 11879572. 
  • Lu J, Xu WX, Zhan YQ, Cui XL, Cai WM, He FC, Yang XM (Apr 2002). "Identification and characterization of a novel isoform of hepatopoietin". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 8 (2): 353–6. PMID 11925624. 
  • Li Y, Wei K, Lu C, Li Y, Li M, Xing G, Wei H, Wang Q, Chen J, Wu C, Chen H, Yang S, He F (Aug 2002). "Identification of hepatopoietin dimerization, its interacting regions and alternative splicing of its transcription". European Journal of Biochemistry / FEBS. 269 (16): 3888–93. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.03054.x. PMID 12180965. 
  • Zhao Y, Tang F, Cheng J, Li L, Xing G, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Wei H, He F (Apr 2003). "An initiator and its flanking elements function as a core promoter driving transcription of the Hepatopoietin gene". FEBS Letters. 540 (1-3): 58–64. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00158-3. PMID 12681483. 
  • Shen L, Hu J, Lu H, Wu M, Qin W, Wan D, Li YY, Gu J (Apr 2003). "The apoptosis-associated protein BNIPL interacts with two cell proliferation-related proteins, MIF and GFER". FEBS Letters. 540 (1-3): 86–90. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00229-1. PMID 12681488. 
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