Firman of Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey
Mehmet Bey's firman was the decree of Mehmet I of Karaman (Karamanoğlu Mehmet), a vizier of Suljuks, declaring that the official language of Seljuks was Turkish.
Mehmet Beg or Mehmet Bey of Karaman (Turkish: Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey), also known as Shams al-Din Mehmed Beg[1] was the third ruler of the Karamanids. His father was Karaman Bey.
Mehmet Fuat Köprülü suggested that the government officials, who had been educated under the influence of the Persian culture, had used the Persian language in their state's official business, and this strong compulsion of using Persian as official language had lasted until the Karamanids lord Mehmed Bey's invasion of Konya.[2]
Agop Dilaçar, who is known for his works on the Sun Language Theory, claimed that Mehmed Bey might have declared Turkish the official language of the state.[3][4] According to Dilaçar, in his firman dated 13 May (15 May ?) 1277, he ordered that "from that day forward, in the council, in the dervish lodge, in the court, in the assembly, in the square, no language but Turkish should be spoken".
[3][5]
Before him, the Seljuq elite in Anatolia used Persian in literature and Arabic in government and science. The Turkmen, however, could not understand these languages.
After his failed rebellion in Ankara, Mehmet Bey died in a conflict against Seljuq-Mongol troops.
See also
References
- ↑ The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume 4, Brill, 1954, p. 620.
- ↑ Acem kültürünün te'sirleri altında yetişen me'murlar devlet işlerinde de Fars dilini kullanmakta idiler; Farsçanın resmî dil olarak bu kuvvetli tehakkümü, Karaman Beyi Mehmed Bey'in Konya'yı istilâsına kadar sürdü., Mehmet Fuat Köprülü, Türk Edebiyatında ilk Mutasavvıflar, 6. Basım, Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı, 1987, p. 234. (Turkish)
- 1 2 Agop Dilaçar, Devlet Dili Olarak Türkçe, Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, 1962, p. 14. (Turkish)
- ↑ Taqī Āzādarmakī, T. Azadarmaki, Contact Des Langues Dans L'Espace Arabo - Turco - Persan I: Arabo - Turco - Persan I, Peeters Publishers, 2005, ISBN 978-2-909961-35-4, p. 90. (French)
- ↑ Carter Vaughn Findley, The Turks in World History, Oxford University Press, 2005, ISBN 978-0-19-517726-8, pp. 74-75.
External links
|
---|
|
History | |
---|
|
Geography | |
---|
|
Politics | |
---|
|
Economy | |
---|
|
Society | | | Culture | |
---|
| Demographics | |
---|
| Symbols | |
---|
|
---|
|
|
|
---|
|
|
|
Important centers and extension | |
---|
| Dynasty | |
---|
| Chronology | |
---|
| Palaces and castles | |
---|
| Külliye ("complexes") and dar al-shifa (hospitals) and medrese (schools) and mosques: | |
---|
| Caravanserais |
- Ağzıkara Han caravanserai near Aksaray (1237)
- Ak Han caravanserai near Denizli (1254)
- Alaca Han caravanserai in Alacahan (~1280)
- Alara Han caravanserai near Manavgat
- Alay Han caravanserai near Aksaray (1190)
- Altınapa Han caravanserai between Beyşehir and Konya (1201)
- Angit Han caravanserai between Konya and Akşehir (1201)
- Burma Han caravanserai in Divriği (13th century)
- Çakallı Han caravanserai near Samsun (~1250)
- Çardak Han (Hanabad) caravanserai in Çardak (1230)
- Çay Han caravanserai in Çay (1279)
- Dokuzun Han caravanserai in Konya (1210)
- Eğirdir Han caravanserai in Eğirdir (1238)
- Ertokuş Han caravanserai near Eğirdir (1224)
- Eshab-i Kehf Han caravanserai near Afşin–Elbistan (~1225)
- Evdir Han caravanserai near Antalya (1224)
- Ezinepazar Han caravanserai near Amasya (1246)
- Goncalı Akhan caravanserai between Konya and Aksaray
- Hatun Han caravanserai between Amasya and Tokat
- Hekim Han caravanserai in Hekimhan (1220)
- Horozlu Han caravanserai near Konya (1249)
- Incir Han caravanserai near Bucak (1239)
- Kadın Han caravanserai in Kadınhanı (1223)
- Karatay Han caravanserai near Pınarbaşı (1241)
- Kargı Han caravanserai near Antalya (1246)
- Kesikköprü Han caravanserai near Kırşehir (1268)
- Kırkgöz Han caravanserai near Antalya (1246)
- Kızılören Han caravanserai near Konya (1206)
- Kuruçeşme Han caravanserai near Konya (1210)
- Melleç Han caravanserai near Anamur (13th century)
- Mirçinge Han caravanserai near Divriği (13th century)
- Obruk Han caravanserai near Konya (1230)
- Öresin Han caravanserai near Aksaray (~1275)
- Pazar Han caravanserai near Tokat (1239)
- Zazadın Han caravanserai near Konya (1236)
- Şarapsa Han caravanserai near Alanya (1246)
- Sarı Han caravanserai near Ürgüp (1249)
- Sevserek Han caravanserai between Malatya and Pötürge (13th century)
- Sultan Han caravanserai between Konya and Aksaray (1229)
- Sultan Han caravanserai near Bünyan between Kayseri and Sivas (1236)
- Susuz Han caravanserai near Bucak (1246)
|
---|
|
|
|