Elemental chlorine free

Elemental chlorine free (ECF) is a technique that uses chlorine dioxide for the bleaching of wood pulp. It does not use elemental chlorine gas during the bleaching process and prevents the formation of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds, carcinogens. The traditional ECF sequence is DEopDEpD^[1]^:14 using the common letter symbols for bleaching stages,^[2] though many improved sequences are available.^[1]^:15

Totally chlorine free (TCF) is paper that does not use any chlorine compounds for wood pulp bleaching.

References

1 2 Different Bleaching Configurations (PDF), National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, 2009
↑ "PaperOnWeb description of bleaching sequences". Retrieved 2007-09-17.

External links

Alliance for Environmental Technology - ECF: The Sustainable Technology

Paper

History Manufacture/Papermaking

Types	Blotting Bond Construction Cotton Rag Crêpe Display Dó Asphalt Glassine India Korean Kraft Laid Manila Newsprint Oatmeal Onionskin Origami Baking Building Rice Rolling Security Seed Copy Tar Thermal Tissue Tracing Transfer Tree-free Wallpaper Washi Waterproof Wax Wood-free Wove Writing Xuan

Materials	Fiber crop Paper chemicals Papyrus Wood pulp Algal bloom (Shiro alga carta)

Specifications	Grammage Density Size Units of paper quantity Surface chemistry of paper Wet strength

Manufacture and process	Bleaching of wood pulp Calender Conical refiner Deinking Paper pollution Environmental impact of paper Hollander beater Kraft process Organosolv Paper cut Paper machine Paper recycling Soda pulping Sulfite process

Industry	Paper industry In Europe In Canada In India In Japan In the United States Paper mill List of paper mills

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Elemental chlorine free

See also

References

External links