Efim Etkind

Efim Grigoryevich Etkind
Efim Etkind
Native name	Ефим Григорьевич Эткинд
Born	(1918-02-26)February 26, 1918 Petrograd, RSFSR
Died	November 22, 1999(1999-11-22) (aged 81) Potsdam, France
Nationality	Russian
Citizenship	RSFSR (1918–1922) Soviet Union (1922–1974) France (1974–1999)
Alma mater	Saint Petersburg State University
Occupation	linguist
Movement	dissident movement in the Soviet Union
Spouse(s)	Yekaterina Fyodorovna Zvorykina, Elke Liebs
Awards	membership of Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung

Efim Etkind (Russian: Ефи́м Григо́рьевич Э́ткинд, 26 February 1918, Petrograd – 22 November 1999, Potsdam) was a Soviet philologist and translation theorist.^[1] In the 1960s and 1970s he was a dissident; from 1974 he lived in France.

Works

Books

• Семинарий по французской стилистике. Ч. 1: проза, ч. 2: поэзия [The seminar on French stylistics. Part 1: prose, part 2: poetry] (in Russian). Moscow, Leningrad: The Leningrad branch of the State Educational-Pedagogical Publishing Company of the RSFSR Ministry of Education. 1960–1961. 
• Поэзия и перевод [Poetry and translation] (in Russian). Leningrad: Sovetsky Pisatel. 1963. 
• Об искусстве быть читателем [On the art of being a reader] (in Russian). Leningrad: Znanie. 1964. 
• Мастера русского стихотворного перевода: в 2 томах [Masters of Russian verse translation: in 2 volumes] (in Russian). Leningrad: Sovetsky Pisatel. 1968. 
• Разговор о стихах [Conversation about poetry] (in Russian). Moscow: Detskaya Literatura. 1970. 
• Бертольт Брехт [Bertolt Brecht] (in Russian). Leningrad: Prosveshcheniye. 1971. 
• Русские поэты-переводчики от Тредиаковского до Пушкина [Russian poets-translators from Trediakovsky to Pushkin] (in Russian). Leningrad: Nauka. 1973. 
• Plyushch, Leonid; Mikhaylov, Mikhaylo; Belotserkovsky, Vadim; Elberfeld, Yan; Andreev, Herman; Vishnevskaya, Yuliya; Yanov, Alexander; Levitin-Krasnov, Anatoly; Etkind, Efim; Kushev, Yevgeny (1976). СССР. Демократические альтернативы: сборник статей и документов [USSR. Democratic alternatives: a collection of articles and documents] (in Russian). Achberg. ISBN 3881030700. OCLC 3953394. 
• Pljušč, Leonid; Michajlov, Michailo; Belocerkovskij, Vadim; Andreev, German; Elberfeld, Jan; Janov, Aleksandr; Levitin-Krasnov, Anatolij; Etkind, Jefim; Kušev, Jevgenij (1977). UdSSR. Alternativen der demokratischen Opposition. Sammelband [USSR. Alternatives of democratic opposition. Collection] (in German). Achberg. ISBN 3881030859. 
• Форма как содержание: Избранные статьи [Form as content: selected articles] (in Russian). Würzburg: Jal-Verlag. 1977. 
• Записки незаговорщика [Notes of a non-conspirator] (in Russian). London: Overseas Publications Interchange Ltd. 1977. 
• Notes of a non-conspirator. London: Oxford University Press. 1978. ISBN 0192117394. 
• La matière du vers [Matter of verse] (in French). Paris: Institut d'Études Slaves. 1978. 
• Pliouchtch, Léonide; Biélotserkovsky, Vadim; Mikhaïlov, Mikhaïlo; Andreev, Herman; Lévitine-Krasnov, Anatoli; Yanov, Alexandre; Elberfeld, Yan; Etkind, Yéfime; Vichnevskaia, Youlia; Kouchev, Evguéni (1978). U.R.S.S.: alternatives démocratiques [U.S.S.R.: democratic alternatives] (in French). Paris: Savelli. ISBN 2859300252. 
• Unblutige Hinrichtung. Warum ich die Sowjetunion verlassen musste [Bloodless execution. Why I had to leave the Soviet Union] (in German) (2 ed.). München: Piper Verlag GmbH. 1982 [1978]. ISBN 3492023398. 
• Кризис одного искусства. Опыт поэтики поэтического перевода [The crisis of art. Experience of the poetics of poetic translation] (in Russian). Lausanna. 1983. 
• Russische Lyrik von der Oktoberrevolution bis zu Gegenwart. Versuch einer Darstellung [Russian poetry from the October Revolution to the present. An attempt at representation] (in German) (2 ed.). München: C.H. Beck Verlag. 1989 [1984]. ISBN 3406092837. 
• Процесс Иосифа Бродского [The trial of Joseph Brodsky] (in Russian). London: Overseas Publications Interchange Ltd. 1988. ISBN 1870128702. 
• Brodski ou le Procès d'un poète [Brodsky or the trial of a poet] (in French). Librairie Générale Française. 1988. ISBN 2253046507. 
• Симметрические композиции у Пушкина [Symmetric compositions in Pushkin] (in Russian). Paris: Institut d'Études Slaves. 1988. ISBN 2720402389. 
• Стихи и люди: рассказы о стихотворениях [Poems and people: conversations about poems] (in Russian). Leningrad: Ermitazh. 1988. 
• Etkind, Efim; Elnitskaya, Svetlana (1995). Гаврила Державин, 1743–1816 [Gavriil Derzhavin, 1743–1816] (PDF) (in Russian). Northfleld, Vermont: The Russian School of Norwich University. OCLC 33075088. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 April 2016. 
• Там, внутри. Русская поэзия XX века [There, inside. Russian poetry of XX century] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg. 1996. 
• Внутренний человек и внешняя речь. Очерки психопоэтики русской литературы XVIII–XIX веков [Internal man and external speech. Outlines of psychopoetics of Russian literature of XVIII–XIX centuries] (in Russian). Языки русской культуры. 1998. ISBN 5785900483. 
• Маленькая свобода: 25 немецких поэтов за пять веков в переводах Ефима Эткинда [Little freedom: 25 German poets for five centuries in translations by Efim Etkind] (in Russian). 1998. 
• Божественный Глагол. Пушкин, прочитанный в России и во Франции [Divine Verb. Pushkin, read in Russia and in France] (in Russian). Языки русской культуры. 1999. ISBN 5785900904. 
• Записки незаговорщика. Барселонская проза [Notes of a non-conspirator. Barcelona prose] (in Russian). Moscow: Akademicheskiy Proyekt. 2001. ISBN 5733101822. 
• Проза о стихах [Prose about verses] (in Russian). Moscow: Znanie. 2001. 
• Психопоэтика [Psychopoetics: "internal man" and external speech: papers and studies] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg: Iskusstvo-SPB. 2005. ISBN 5210015831. 

Articles

• Etkind, Efim (1967). "La stylistique comparée, base de l'art de traduire" [Comparative stylistics, basic art of translation]. Babel (in French). 13 (1): 23–30. doi:10.1075/babel.13.1.07etk. 
• Etkind, Efim (March 1967). "Comparative stylistics: a guide to the art of translation". Diogenes. 15 (57): 33–46. doi:10.1177/039219216701505703. 
• Etkind, Efim (April–May 1967). "Baudelaire en langue russe" [Baudelaire in Russian]. Europe (in French). 45 (456–457): 252–261. 
• Etkind, Efim (1978). "Стили речи и художественный перевод" [Speech styles and literary translation]. Revue des études slaves (in Russian). 51 (1): 81–83. 
• Etkind, Efim (1982). Un art en crise: essai de poétique de la traduction poétique [An art in crisis: essay of poetics of poetic translation] (in French). L'Âge d'Homme. ISBN 2825121355. 
• Etkind, Efim (1982). "Французское средневековье в творчестве Александра Блока" [French Middle Ages in works by Alexander Blok]. Revue des études slaves (in Russian). 54 (4): 649–669. 
• Etkind, Efim (January–March 1984). "Вьючное животное куλьтуры (об архаическом стиλе Вячесλава Иванова)" [Pack animal of culture (on Vyacheslav Ivanov's archaic style)]. Cahiers du Monde russe et soviétique (in Russian). 25 (1): 5–17. JSTOR 20170017. 
• Etkind, Efim (April–June 1985). "О поэтическом "импорте" и, в частности, о еврейской интонации в русской поэзии двадцатых годов" [On the poetic "import" and, in particular, the Jewish intonation in Russian poetry of the 1920s]. Cahiers du Monde russe et soviétique (in Russian). 26 (2): 193–217. JSTOR 20170067. 
• Etkind, Efim (1986). "Le problème de la métatraduction in la traduction" [The problem of metatranslation in translation]. Revue d'esthétique (in French) (12): 17–22. 
• Etkind, Efim (June 1987). "L'Idée de la révolution dans l'œuvre de Pouchkine" [The idea of revolution in works by Pushkin]. Canadian Slavonic Papers (in French). 29 (2–3): 131–151. doi:10.1080/00085006.1987.11091853. 
• Etkind, Efim (1987). "Искусство и чернь: о Декларации 1921 года" [Art and black: on the Declaration of 1921]. Revue des études slaves (in Russian). 59 (1): 397–400. 
• Etkind, Efim (1987). ""Сей ратник, вольностью венчанный…": Гришка Отрепьев, император Наполеон, маршал Ней и другие" ["This warrior, crowned by liberty…": Grishka Otrepyev, Emperor Napoleon, Marshal Ney and others]. Revue des études slaves (in Russian). 59 (1): 55–62. 
• Etkind, Efim (July–December 1988). "Духовная дилогия Державина: оды "Бог" и "Хеистос"" [Derzhavin's spiritual dilogy: odes "God" and "Kheistos"]. Cahiers du Monde russe et soviétique (in Russian). 29 (3/4): 343–356. JSTOR 20170632. 
• Etkind, Efim (1992). "Afterword: Russian literature in the 1980s". In Moser, Charles. The Cambridge history of Russian literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 595–614. ISBN 978-1-139-05544-4. 
• Etkind, Efim (January–June 1994). "Вячеслав Иванов и вопросы поэтики. 1920-e годы" [Vyacheslav Ivanov and issues of poetics. The 1920s]. Cahiers du Monde russe (in Russian). 35 (1/2): 141–154. JSTOR 20170895. 
• Etkind, Efim (October–December 1998). "Библеизмы в русской поэтической речи" [Biblicisms in Russian poetic speech]. Cahiers du Monde russe (in Russian). 39 (4): 605–620. JSTOR 20171108. 
• Etkind, Efim (1999). "Литературное самоубийство Николая Тихонова" [Nikolai Tikhonov's literary suicide]. Revue des études slaves (in Russian). 71 (3): 673–680. 
• Reeder, Roberta; Etkind, Efim; Gubanov, Yakov (Summer 1999). "The crimes of Joseph Brodsky". New England Review (1990–). 20 (3): 95–135. JSTOR 40243738. 
• Etkind, Efim (1999). "What is untranslatable?". In Allén, Sture. Translation of poetry and poetic prose. World Scientific. pp. 337–346. ISBN 9814494585. 
• Etkind, Efim; Bugaeva, Jane (Spring 2015). "The translator". The Massachusetts Review. 56 (1): 139–147. 

Further reading

• Chalidze, Valery (1976). Литературные дела КГБ: дела Суперфина, Эткинда, Хейфеца, Марамзина: в приложении — документы о советской цензуре [The literary cases of the KGB: the cases of Superfin, Etkind, Heifetz, Maramzin: there are documents about Soviet censorship in the application] (in Russian). New York: Хроника. 
• Phillips, William; Shragin, Boris; Aleshkovsky, Yuz; Kott, Jan; Siniavski, Andrei; Aksyonov, Vassily; Litvinov, Pavel; Dovlatov, Sergei; Nekrassov, Viktor; Etkind, Efim; Voinovich, Vladimir; Kohak, Erazim; Loebl, Eugen (Winter 1984). "Writers in exile III: a conference of Soviet and East European dissidents". The Partisan Review. 51 (1): 11–44. 
• Rakusa, Ilma (2 December 1999). "Dissident wider Willen : Zum Tode des russischen Germanisten und Übersetzers Efim Etkind" [Reluctant dissident: on the death of Russian germanist and translator Efim Etkind]. Die Zeit (in German). 
• Ulman, Michael (August 1978). "A reluctant dissident". Quadrant. 22 (8): 15–18. 

Notes

Soviet dissidents
Human rights movement in the Soviet Union: Initiative Group for the Defense of Human Rights in the USSR Committee on Human Rights in the USSR Solzhenitsyn Aid Fund Moscow Helsinki Group Ukrainian Helsinki Group Lithuanian Helsinki Group‎ Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes Helsinki-86 Memorial
Mikhail Agursky Vasily Aksyonov Lyudmila Alexeyeva Andrei Amalrik Chabua Amirejibi Anton Antonov-Ovseyenko Gunārs Astra Mykola Bakay Anna Barkova Vasile Bătrânac Arkadiy Belinkov Nikolai Berdyaev Yuri Bezmenov Larisa Bogoraz Alexander Bolonkin Yelena Bonner Leonid Borodin Vladimir Bougrine Joseph Brodsky Vladimir Bukovsky Valery Chalidze Lev Chernyi Boris Chichibabin Viacheslav Chornovil Lydia Chukovskaya Yuli Daniel Vadim Delaunay Andrey Derevyankin David Devdariani Ivan Drach Yuri Druzhnikov Mustafa Dzhemilev Ivan Dziuba Abulfaz Elchibey Alexander Esenin-Volpin Eliyahu Essas Efim Etkind Benjamin Fain Viktor Fainberg Moysey Fishbein Ilya Gabay Balys Gajauskas Yuri Galanskov Alexander Galich Sultan Galiev Zviad Gamsakhurdia Vladimir Gershuni Alexander Ginzburg Yevgenia Ginzburg Anatoly Gladilin Semyon Gluzman Natalya Gorbanevskaya Pyotr Grigorenko Sergei Grigoryants Vasily Grossman Igor Guberman Tengiz Gudava Paruyr Hayrikyan Ivan Hel Oleksa Hirnyk Mykola Horbal Bohdan Horyn Mykhailo Horyn Grigory Isayev Boris Kagarlitsky Romas Kalanta Sofiya Kalistratova Ihor Kalynets Iryna Kalynets Vitaliy Kalynychenko Dina Kaminskaya Ivan Kandyba Ephraim Kholmyansky Yuliy Kim Nikolai Klyuev Lev Kopelev Boris Korczak Anatoly Koryagin Nahum Korzhavin Merab Kostava Lina Kostenko Sergei Kovalev Zoya Krakhmalnikova Victor Krasin Yuri Kublanovsky Jüri Kukk Anatoly Kuznetsov Eduard Kuznetsov Alexander Lavut Mikhail Leontovich Alexander Lerner Yaroslav Lesiv Eugene Levich Veniamin Levich Eduard Limonov Pavel Litvinov Levko Lukyanenko Nikolay Lossky Kronid Lyubarsky Michail J. Makarenko Vasyl Makukh Guram Mamulia Nadezhda Mandelstam Anatoly Marchenko Valeriy Marchenko Myroslav Marynovych Gregori Maximoff Roy Medvedev Zhores Medvedev Naum Meiman Mykhailo Melnyk Alexander Men Yosef Mendelevitch Vazif Meylanov Andrei Mironov Ion Moraru Viktor Nekipelov Viktor Nekrasov Alexander Nekrich Valeriya Novodvorskaya Vasile Odobescu Alexander Ogorodnikov Yuri Orlov Raisa Orlova Lagle Parek Boris Pasternak Konstantin Paustovsky Gleb Pavlovsky Yekaterina Peshkova Viktoras Petkus Alexander Piatigorsky Leonid Plyushch Alexandr Podrabinek Grigory Pomerants Vladimir Pribylovsky Dmitri Prigov Anatoly Pristavkin Boris Pustyntsev Irina Ratushinskaya Eliyahu Rips Arseny Roginsky Maria Rozanova Mykola Rudenko Yuly Rybakov Ain Saar Valery Sablin Andrei Sakharov Dmitri Savitski Shmuel Schneurson Victor Serge Efraim Sevela Igor Shafarevich Varlam Shalamov Avital Sharansky Natan Sharansky Vladimir Shelkov Yuriy Shukhevych Danylo Shumuk Andrei Sinyavsky Vladimir Slepak Victor Sokolov Sergei Soldatov Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn Pitirim Sorokin Vladimir Strelnikov Aleksandras Štromas Vasyl Stus Nadiya Svitlychna Ivan Svitlichny Vasyl Symonenko Les Tanyuk Alexander Tarasov Valery Tarsis Enn Tarto Lev Timofeev Valentin Turchin Andrei Tverdokhlebov Tatyana Velikanova Tomas Venclova Georgi Vins Georgi Vladimov Vladimir Voinovich Michael Voslenski Anatoly Yakobson Gleb Yakunin Venedikt Yerofeyev Yevgeny Zamyatin Alexander Zinoviev Yosyf Zisels