E-M-F Company

E-M-F Model 30 Roadster 1912

The E-M-F Company was an early American automobile manufacturer that produced automobiles from 1909 to 1912. The name E-M-F was gleaned from the initials of the three company founders: Barney Everitt (a custom auto-body builder from Detroit), William Metzger (formerly of Cadillac), and Walter Flanders (who had served as Henry Ford's production manager).[1]:p.vii

Origins

Everitt

Byron F. "Barney" Everitt was born in 1872 at Ridgetown, Ontario and learned wagon-building in Chatham, Ontario. In the early 1890s he worked for carriage-maker Hugh Johnson in Detroit.[2]:[p.34] In 1899 he started his own bodybuilding company, with orders from Ransom Olds, and then Henry Ford. In about 1904 his own first assembled car was the Wayne. The car model bearing his name was the Everitt, 1909-1912.

Metzger

William E. Metzger was born 1868 in Peru, Illinois. He was one of the first car salesmen, a buyer and reseller and, in the late 1890s, established possibly the first United States automobile dealership, in Detroit. He was a key figure in the Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers, and also promoted early races at Grosse Pointe. In 1902 he became affiliated with the Northern Motor Car Company and the same year helped organize Cadillac before taking orders at the New York Automobile Show in January 1903.

Flanders

Walter E. Flanders was born March 4, 1871 in Waterbury, Vermont.[3] He was a machinist who started with servicing sewing machines during an apprenticeship at Singer Corporation, followed by an association with Thomas S. Walburn in general machining in Cleveland, Ohio in the late 1890s. An order came from Henry Ford in Detroit to the company for a thousand crankshafts, and Ford was impressed by the response. Then in the early 1900s Flanders again worked with Walburn, this time for Ford at the Ford Piquette Avenue Plant at the corner of Piquette and Beaubien Streets in Detroit. Flanders became manager of manufacturing at the plant, where he also worked with the two future vice-presidents in charge of manufacturing, Peter E. Martin, and Charles E. Sorensen. Flanders was replaced by those two when he resigned abruptly on 21 April 1908. Flanders' skill was in setting up and effecting timesaving procedures and methods at the plant, where engineers had developed the Model T in late 1907, which then began production in 1908, and led eventually to invention of the new moving assembly line to meet skyrocketing demand for the Model T in 1910.

Overview

E-M-F 30

1911 E-M-F "30" Touring Car
Layout FR
Powertrain
Engine 4-cylinder
Transmission 3-speed sliding gear manual[4]
Dimensions
Wheelbase 106 in (2,700 mm)[4]

In 1909, E-M-F bought the Detroit plant of the De Luxe company[5] and began production of E-M-F cars. E-M-F produced several models of its own design and contracted to sell them through Studebaker wagon dealerships.

E-M-F vehicles outsold all but Ford but had some assembly quality issues. Detractors soon began stating the E-M-F name stood for "Every Morning Fix-it", "Every Mechanical Fault", and "Every Miss Fire". Internal fighting between the partners did nothing to help solve the problems.

Takeover

Studebaker's president Fred Fish (son-in-law of John M. Studebaker), being unhappy with E-M-F's poor quality and lack of management, gained control of the assets and plant facilities (at Detroit and Walkerville, Ontario) in 1910.[6]:p.70[7] To remedy the damage done by E-M-F, Studebaker paid mechanics to visit each unsatisfied owner and replace the defective parts in their vehicles at a cost of US$1 million to the company. The E-M-F name continued into 1912 with the Studebaker name becoming more and more prevalent on the cars. In 1913, the E-M-F name was replaced by Studebaker.[8]:p231

Problems aside, E-M-F vehicles had sold well in the growing marketplace. In 1909 E-M-F placed fourth (producing 7,960 vehicles) in total US automobile production, behind that of Ford Motor Company, Buick, and Maxwell, with Cadillac fifth. In 1910 the firm built 15,020 vehicles and again held on to fourth place behind Ford, Buick, and Overland. In 1911, the firm placed second in overall assemblies with 26,827 automobiles produced for the year. In his history of E-M-F, Anthony Yanik stated Studebaker built its strong automotive base "on the shoulders of E-M-F", having "purchased the entire company for an outrageous price in 1910".[1]:p. vii However, the E-M-F production figures had been underpinned by Studebaker's vast resources, and sales were largely dependent on Studebaker's reputation and marketing network.[8]:p231

Flanders also ran the short-lived Flanders Automobile Company, which produced cars wholly based on previous E-M-F designs. The Flanders company was absorbed into Maxwell Motor Company (Incorporated) which was reorganized out of the assets of the United States Motor Company in 1913.

On June 20, 2005, the E-M-F Plant on Piquette Avenue (at John R) caught fire and within a few hours it was gone. The five-alarm fire nearly spread to the famous Ford Piquette Avenue Plant where Henry Ford built the first Model T.[9]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Yanik, Anthony J. (2001). The E-M-F Company: the Story of Automotive Pioneers Barney Everitt, William Metzger, and Walter Flanders. Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). ISBN 0-7680-0716-X. At Google Books (description only)
  2. ↑ Rubenstein, James M. The Changing US Auto Industry: A geographical analysis Routledge 1992. At Google Books
  3. ↑ The family's genealogy lists him as [6679] the eldest of three known children of Dr George T. Flanders and Mary M. Goodwin; in Flanders, Charles M.; Dunbar, Edith Flanders (2010-09-12), The Flanders Family: From Europe to America (in Winzipped RTF download), Volume 3 (2nd ed.), retrieved 2010-10-14.
  4. 1 2 Directory Index: Studebaker/1910 Studebaker/album
  5. ↑ Staff writers (July 27, 1909), "E-M-F buys De Luxe plant—Will build small car", The Automobile.
  6. ↑ Longstreet, Stephen. A Century on Wheels: The Story of Studebaker. New York: Henry Holt and Company. p. 121. 1st edn., 1952.
  7. ↑ Studebaker Corporation Financial Post Oct 1929
  8. 1 2 Hendry, Maurice M. Studebaker: One can do a lot of remembering in South Bend. New Albany: Automobile Quarterly. pp. 228–275. Vol X, 3rd Q, 1972. External link in |publisher= (help)
  9. ↑ USA Today - Huge fire destroys century-old warehouse in Detroit

External links

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