Douglas Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham

The Right Honourable
The Viscount Hailsham
PC, KC
Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
In office
28 March 1928  4 June 1929
Monarch George V
Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin
Preceded by The Viscount Cave
Succeeded by The Viscount Sankey
In office
7 June 1935  9 March 1938
Monarch George V
Edward VIII
George VI
Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin
Neville Chamberlain
Preceded by The Viscount Sankey
Succeeded by The Lord Maugham
Leader of the House of Lords
In office
5 November 1931  7 June 1935
Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald
Preceded by The Marquess of Reading
Succeeded by The Marquess of Londonderry
Secretary of State for War
In office
5 November 1931  7 June 1935
Preceded by The Marquess of Crewe
Succeeded by The Viscount Halifax
Lord President of the Council
In office
9 March 1938  31 October 1938
Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain
Preceded by The Viscount Halifax
Succeeded by The Viscount Runciman of Doxford
Personal details
Born 28 February 1872 (1872-02-28)
England
Died August 16, 1950(1950-08-16) (aged 78)
England
Nationality British
Political party Conservative
Spouse(s) Elizabeth Marjoribanks
(m. 1905; her death 1925)

Douglas McGarel Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham, PC, KC (28 February 1872 – 16 August 1950) was a British lawyer and Conservative politician.[1]

Biography

Born in London, Hogg was the son of the merchant and philanthropist Quintin Hogg, seventh son of Sir James Hogg, 1st Baronet. He was educated at Cheam School and Eton College, before studying sugar growing in the West Indies. After serving in the Boer War he was called to the Bar by Lincoln's Inn in 1902, was appointed King's Counsel in 1917, and became a bencher of Lincoln's Inn in 1920.[2]

Political career

Hogg was appointed Attorney General by Andrew Bonar Law in October 1922. Though not an MP, Hogg was chosen for the position because Bonar Law found himself short of law officers after the Conservative-Liberal coalition collapsed as a result of the Carlton Club meeting. He was elected to the House of Commons unopposed the following month for St Marylebone in the general election. He received the customary knighthood and was sworn in the Privy Council in December 1922. Serving as Attorney General until Labour assumed office after the 1923 election, Hogg was reappointed to the post, with a seat in the Cabinet, when the Conservatives were returned to power in 1924.

As Attorney-General, Hogg guided the Trade Disputes Act of 1927 through the House of Commons after the general strike of 1926 which had ended with large-scale unemployment while those still employed were forced to accept longer hours, lower wages, and district wage agreements. The Trade Disputes and Trade Union Act made mass picketing and all sympathetic strikes illegal and directed that union members had to contract into any political levy. It also forbade civil service unions from affiliating with the Trades Union Congress.

In 1928, he became Lord Chancellor in Stanley Baldwin's government, and was created Baron Hailsham, of Hailsham in the County of Sussex.[3] He served until the government's defeat in 1929.

In 1929, he was created Viscount Hailsham, of Hailsham in the County of Sussex. From 1931 to 1935 he served as Secretary of State for War. He again served as Lord Chancellor from 1935 to 1938, first under Baldwin, then under Neville Chamberlain. During his second term he was the last Lord High Steward to preside over the trial of a peer (26th Baron de Clifford) in the House of Lords. In 1938, ill-health led to his appointment as Lord President of the Council, a post with less onerous duties, but he had to retire from the government a few months later.[2]

He died on 16 August 1950.[1]

Marriage and children

Lord Hailsham married Elizabeth Marjoribanks (née Brown), widow of Hon Archibald Marjoribanks, and daughter of James Trimble Brown of Tennessee, in 1905. They had two sons:[4][5]

References

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by
Sir Samuel Edward Scott
Member of Parliament for St Marylebone
19221928
Succeeded by
Sir James Rennell Rodd
Legal offices
Preceded by
Ernest Pollock
Attorney General
1922–1924
Succeeded by
Patrick Hastings
Preceded by
Patrick Hastings
Attorney General
1924–1928
Succeeded by
Thomas Inskip
Political offices
Preceded by
The Viscount Cave
Lord Chancellor
1928–1929
Succeeded by
The Viscount Sankey
Preceded by
The Marquess of Crewe
Secretary of State for War
1931–1935
Succeeded by
The Viscount Halifax
Preceded by
The Marquess of Reading
Leader of the House of Lords
1931–1935
Succeeded by
The Marquess of Londonderry
Preceded by
The Viscount Sankey
Lord Chancellor
1935–1938
Succeeded by
The Lord Maugham
Preceded by
The Viscount Halifax
Lord President of the Council
1938
Succeeded by
The Viscount Runciman of Doxford
Party political offices
Preceded by
The Marquess of Salisbury
Leader of the Conservative Party in the House of Lords
1931–1935
Succeeded by
The Marquess of Londonderry
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation Viscount Hailsham
1929–1950
Succeeded by
Quintin Hogg
Baron Hailsham
1928–1950
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