Distinguished Conduct Medal (Natal)

Distinguished Conduct Medal (Natal)
Awarded by the Monarch of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India
Country Colony of Natal
Type Military decoration for bravery
Eligibility Other Ranks
Awarded for Gallantry in the field
Status Discontinued in 1913
Post-nominals DCM
Statistics
Established 1897
Total awarded 8
Order of Wear
Next (higher) Union of South Africa Queen's Medal for Bravery, Gold
Equivalent Distinguished Conduct Medal
Next (lower) Conspicuous Gallantry Medal
Related Distinguished Service Order

Ribbon bar

In 1895, Queen Victoria authorised Colonial governments to adopt various British military decorations and medals and to award them to their local military forces. The Colony of Natal introduced this system in August 1895 and, in 1897, instituted the Distinguished Conduct Medal (Natal), post-nominal letters DCM.[1][2]

Origin

The Distinguished Conduct Medal, post-nominal letters DCM, was instituted by Queen Victoria on 4 December 1854, during the Crimean War, as a decoration for gallantry in the field by other ranks of the British Army. It is the oldest British award for gallantry and was a second level military decoration, until it was discontinued in 1993. The medal could also be awarded to non-commissioned military personnel of the British Dominions and Colonies.[3][4]

For all ranks below commissioned officers, the Distinguished Conduct Medal was the second highest award for gallantry in action after the Victoria Cross, and the other ranks' equivalent of the Distinguished Service Order, which was awarded to commissioned officers for bravery. Recipients of the Distinguished Conduct Medal are entitled to the post-nominal letters DCM. A Bar to the medal, introduced in 1881, could be awarded in recognition of each subsequent act of distinguished conduct for which the medal would have been awarded.[5]

Natal Colonial Forces

In the late 19th century, the Colony of Natal's armed forces consisted of the para-military Natal Police and a military Volunteer Force. The Volunteer Force was reorganised as the Natal Militia in 1904 and, in 1908, the Natal Police and Natal Militia were amalgamated to form the Natal Colonial Forces.[1]

Institution

On 31 May 1895, Queen Victoria authorised Dominion and Colonial governments to adopt various military medals and to award them to their local military forces. The Colony of Natal introduced this system in August 1895. In 1897, the Distinguished Conduct Medal (Natal) was one of three known decorations and medals which were instituted by Natal in terms of this authority.[1][2]

The Natal medal remained current even after Natal became a Province of the Union of South Africa in 1910, until the first medals for the Union Defence Forces were introduced in June 1913.[1][6]

Order of wear

In the order of wear prescribed by the British Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood, the Distinguished Conduct Medal (Natal) ranks on par with the Distinguished Conduct Medal. It takes precedence after the Union of South Africa Queen's Medal for Bravery, Gold (a civilian honour) and before the Conspicuous Gallantry Medal.[7]

South Africa

With effect from 6 April 1952, when a new South African set of decorations and medals was instituted to replace the British awards used to date, the older South African and British decorations and medals applicable to South Africa continued to be worn in the same order of precedence but, with the exception of the Victoria Cross, took precedence after all South African orders, decorations and medals awarded to South Africans on or after that date. In the order of wear of military honours, it takes precedence after the Air Force Cross.[7][8][9]

Description

The medal was struck in silver and is a disk, 36 millimetres (1.42 inches) in diameter and 3 millimetres (0.12 inches) thick. The suspender is an ornamented scroll pattern, affixed to the medal by means of a claw and a pin through the upper edge of the medal.[3][10]

Obverse

The original Victorian obverse of the British Distinguished Conduct Medal shows a Trophy of Arms incorporating a central shield bearing the Royal Coat of Arms, without any inscription. From 1902, after the accession of King Edward VII, the effigy of the reigning monarch replaced the trophy of arms, with the respective titles of the monarchs inscribed around the perimeters. Known examples of the Distinguished Conduct Medal (Natal) has the effigy of King Edward VII and is inscribed "EDWARDVS VII REX IMPERATOR" around the perimeter.[3][11]

Reverse

The reverse is smooth, with a raised rim, and bears the inscriptions "NATAL" in a curved line at the top and "FOR DISTINGUISHED CONDUCT IN THE FIELD" in four straight lines in the centre. The inscriptions are underlined by a small laurel wreath between two spear blades.[1]

Ribbon

The ribbon is identical to that of the British Distinguished Conduct Medal, 32 millimetres wide and crimson, with a 10 millimetres wide Navy blue band in the centre.[3][10]

Recipients

Of the four Colonies which were to form the Union of South Africa in 1910, the Cape of Good Hope, Colony of Natal and Transvaal Colony adopted their own territorial versions of the Distinguished Conduct Medal. In June 1913, the Union of South Africa also instituted its own version of the medal. Of all these, only one actually awarded the medal. Only eight of these medals were awarded, all by the Colony of Natal.[1][6]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 South African Medal Website – Colonial Military Forces (Accessed 6 May 2015)
  2. 1 2 The London Gazette: no. 33653. p. 6313. 17 October 1930.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "The King's Own Royal Regiment Museum, (Lancaster), Distinguished Conduct Medal". www.kingsownmuseum.plus.com.
  4. ↑ New Zealand Defence Force – British Commonwealth Gallantry, Meritorious and Distinguished Service Awards – The Distinguished Conduct Medal (Access date 19 May 2015)
  5. ↑ ww2awards.com – Distinguished Conduct Medal (Access date 19 May 2015)
  6. 1 2 South African Medal Website – Union Defence Forces (1913–1939) (Accessed 9 May 2015)
  7. 1 2 The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 56878. p. 3352. 17 March 2003.
  8. ↑ Government Notice no. 1982 of 1 October 1954 – Order of Precedence of Orders, Decorations and Medals, published in the Government Gazette of 1 October 1954.
  9. ↑ Republic of South Africa Government Gazette Vol. 477, no. 27376, Pretoria, 11 March 2005, OCLC 72827981
  10. 1 2 Veterans Affairs Canada – Distinguished Conduct Medal (DCM) (Access date 19 May 2015)
  11. ↑ firstworldwar.com Encyclopedia – Distinguished Conduct Medal (Access date 19 May 2015)
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