Dictyonema (graptolites)
| Dictyonema Temporal range: Upper Cambrian - Devonian | |
|---|---|
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| Dictyonema retiforme from Early Silurian of Canada (425 myo) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Hemichordata |
| Class: | † Graptolithina |
| Order: | † Dendroidea |
| Family: | † Dendrograptidae |
| Genus: | Dictyonema Hall, 1851 |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Dictyonema is a genus of dendroid graptolites in the order Dendroidea. [1]
Fossil record
Fossils of Dictyonema are found from the Upper Cambrian to the Devonian (age range: from 488.3 to 383.7 million years ago.). They are known from various localities in Europe, North America, South America, China and Morocco. [1][2]
Description
These colonial organism are characterised by a conical, net-like structure. The colonies (known as rhabdosomes) are branched and may vary from almost discoidal to almos cylindrical. They were stationary planktonic suspension feeders. [1][2]
Species
- †Dictyonema macgillivrayi Hall 1899
- †Dictyonema pulchellum Hall 1899
- †Dictyonema retiforme (Hall 1843)
Bibliography
- Bulman, O. M. B. 1970. Graptolithina with sections of Enteropneusta and Pterobranchia. In Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part V 2nd ed. (C. Teichert, ed.) pp. V1-V149. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and the University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).
- Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1-167.
- Jaanusson, V. 1979. Ordovician. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A136-A166. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).
- Kozłowski, R. 1948. Les graptolithes et quelques nouveaux groupes d’animaux du Tremadoc de la Pologne. Palaeontologica Polonica 3: I-XII, 1-235.
- Rudolf Ruedemann - Graptolites of North America – Geological Society of America
References
- 1 2 3 4 Christopher Taylor Variety of life
- 1 2 Paleobiology Database Paleobiology Database
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