December murders

The December Murders (Dutch: Decembermoorden) refers to the murders on 7, 8, and 9 December 1982, of fifteen prominent young Surinamese men who had criticized the military dictatorship then ruling Suriname. Thirteen of these men were arrested on December 7 between 2 AM and 5 AM while sleeping in their homes (according to reports by the families of the victims). The other two were Surendre Rambocus and Jiwansingh Sheombar who were already imprisoned for attempting a counter-coup in March 1982. Soldiers of Dési Bouterse, the then dictator of Suriname, took them to Fort Zeelandia (the then headquarters of Bouterse), where they were heard as 'suspects in a trial' by Bouterse and other sergeants in a self-appointed court. After these 'hearings' they were tortured and shot dead. The circumstances have not yet become completely clear; on December 10, 1982, Bouterse claimed on national television that all of the detainees had been shot dead 'in an attempt to flee'.

The December Murders led to international protest by numerous Western countries and human rights organizations. The former colonial power, Netherlands, immediately froze development aid. Many Surinamese civilians fled Suriname for the Netherlands.

Bouterse has long denied guilt in the December Murders. In March 2007 he accepted political responsibility for the murders, but he then also explicitly stated that he personally had not 'pulled the trigger' to kill those fifteen men. In March 2012, however, a former confidant of Bouterse testified under oath that Bouterse himself had shot two of the victims.[1]

Description

After their abduction, the fifteen victims were transported to Fort Zeelandia, the then headquarters of Bouterse and his soldiers in Paramaribo, the capital of Suriname. The soldiers performing the action were under command of Dési Bouterse, the then dictator of Suriname and also leader of the Surinamese army. Among the victims were lawyers, journalists, businessmen, soldiers, university teachers and a union leader.

A sixteenth arrested person, union leader Fred Derby, was released unexpectedly on December 8. Derby reported his experiences on December 8, 2000, saying he was not murdered because, Bouterse told him, he was needed to cool the temper of the unions, which were frequently on strike at that time.

Victims of the December murders

Plaque that commemorates the victims of the December murders at Waterlooplein, Amsterdam

The suspects

In the December murders trial that commenced on November 30, 2007 there were 25 suspects with Desi Bouterse being the only main suspect.

  • Errol Alibux
  • Dick de Bie
  • Etienne Boerenveen
  • Dési Bouterse (main suspect)
  • Benny Brondenstein
  • Winston Caldeira
  • Wim Carbière
  • Steven Dendoe
  • Iwan Dijksteel
  • Roy Esajas
  • Ernst Gefferie
  • Arthy Gorré
  • John Hardjoprajitno
  • Orlando Heidanus
  • Kenneth Kempes
  • Iwan Krolis
  • Luciën Lewis
  • Harvey Naarendorp
  • John Nelom
  • Edgar Ritfeld
  • Ruben Rozendaal
  • Badrissein Sital
  • Jimmy Stolk
  • Imro Themen
  • Marcel Zeeuw

Only after many years the Surinamese government took the first official legal steps toward clarifying the case. After the murders, the victims' bodies were buried without post mortem examinations having been performed; moreover, no legal investigation was conducted.

Politically, the murders continue to exert an influence on Surinam politics. After the 2010 Parliamentary elections, won by Bouterse, then-president Ronald Venetiaan refused to even mention Bouterse's name or congratulate him; Venetiaan, the Minister of Education in the government of Henck Arron, prime minister of the government overthrown by Bouterse, was a personal friend of most of the fifteen victims.[2]

United Nations

In 1983, relatives of eight of the victims asked the United Nations Human Rights Committee to state their opinion on the case. They wanted the Committee to state that the executions were contradicting with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. They assumed that within Suriname there were no legal means for them. Although the Suriname government requested to have the case declared as insusceptible, the committee judged that the 15 victims were "arbitrarily deprived of their lives contrary to article 6 (1) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights",[3] and appealed Suriname to investigate the murders and prosecute the ones responsible.

References

  1. ↑ "Bouterse heeft Daal en Rambocus doodgeschoten". Starnieuws (in Dutch). 23 March 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
  2. ↑ Ramdhari, Stieven (28 July 2010). "Na 18 jaar gesprek tussen Bouterse en president Venetiaan". de Volkskrant. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
  3. ↑ Appendix with Communication No. 148/1983 : Suriname. 04/04/85 of the UN Human Rights Committee, April 4, 1985
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