Cosmonautics Day

Cosmonautics Day
День космонавтики
Den kosmonavtiki

1965 Soviet postage stamp commemorating Cosmonautics Day
Observed by Russia, former USSR
Type Historical
Significance A celebration to commemorate the first manned earth orbit
Date April 12
Next time 12 April 2017 (2017-04-12)
Frequency annual
Related to Yuri's Night

Cosmonautics Day (Russian: День Космона́втики, Den Kosmonavtiki) is an anniversary celebrated in Russia and some other former USSR countries on April 12.[1][2][3] In Poland an "International Day of Aviation and Cosmonautics" (Polish: Międzynarodowy Dzień Lotnictwa i Kosmonautyki) is celebrated on the same day.[4] In 2011, April 12 was declared as the International Day of Human Space Flight in dedication of the first manned space flight made on April 12, 1961 by the 27-year-old Russian Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin.[5] Gagarin circled the Earth for 1 hour and 48 minutes aboard the Vostok 1 spacecraft.

The commemorative day was established in the Soviet Union one year later, on April 9, 1962. In modern Russia, it is celebrated in accordance with Article 1.1 of the Law "On the Days of Military Glory and the Commemorative Dates in Russia".[1]

Gagarin's flight was a triumph for the Soviet space program, and opened a new era in the history of space exploration. Gagarin became a national hero of the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc and a famous figure around the world. Major newspapers around the globe published his biography and details of his flight. Moscow and other cities in the USSR held mass demonstrations, the scale of which was second only to World War II Victory Parades. Gagarin was escorted in a long motorcade of high-ranking officials through the streets of Moscow to the Kremlin where, in a lavish ceremony, he was awarded the highest Soviet honour, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, by the Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev.[6]

Nowadays the commemoration ceremony on Cosmonautics Day starts in the city of Korolyov, near Gagarin's statue. Participants then proceed under police escort to Red Square for a visit to Gagarin's grave in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis, and continue to Cosmonauts Alley, near the Monument to the Conquerors of Space. Finally, the festivities are concluded with a visit to the Novodevichy Cemetery.

In 1968, the 61st conference of the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale resolved to celebrate this day as the World Aviation and Astronautics Day.[2][3]

On April 12, 1981, exactly 20 years after Vostok 1, a Space Shuttle (STS-1, Columbia) was launched for the first orbital flight.

On April 7, 2011 United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution declaring April 12 as the International Day of Human Space Flight.[5]

In the 1960s the song 14 minut do starta ("14 minutes until the launch") written by Oscar Feltsman and Vladimir Voynovich was considered the unofficial "anthem of cosmonautics" and regularly aired on this day in the USSR. In the 1980s it was eclipsed by the hit Trava u doma ("Grass at home") performed by the Russian VIA band Zemlyane ("The Earthlings"). The latter song was awarded the official status of the anthem of Russian Cosmonautics in 2010.[7] Russian cosmonauts have traditionally taken this song with them getting assigned for orbital deployments.

Since 2001, Yuri's Night, also known as the "World’s Space party",[8] is held every April 12 worldwide to commemorate milestones in space exploration.[9]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cosmonautics Day.

References

  1. 1 2 Государственная Дума. Федеральный закон №32-ФЗ от 13 марта 1995 г. «О днях воинской славы и памятных датах России», в ред. Федерального закона №59-ФЗ от 10 апреля 2009 г «О внесении изменения в статью 1.1 федерального закона "О днях воинской славы и памятных датах России"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №52, 15 марта 1995 г. (State Duma. Federal Law #32-FZ of March 13, 1995 On the Days of Military Glory and the Commemorative Dates in Russia, as amended by the Federal Law #59-FZ of April 10, 2009 On Amending Article 1.1 of the Federal Law "On the Days of Military Glory and the Commemorative Dates in Russia". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
  2. 1 2 Russia marks Cosmonautics Day. Russian Radio, 12 April 2014
  3. 1 2 International Day of Human Space Flight, Cosmonautics Day in Russia. Sputnik, 12 April 2014
  4. ↑ "Międzynarodowy Dzień Lotnictwa i Kosmonautyki". Elbląska Gazeta Internetowa. 12 April 2008. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  5. 1 2 "UN Resolution A/RES/65/271, The International Day of Human Space Flight (12 April)". April 7, 2011. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
  6. ↑ Антон Первушин (2011). "Гражданин мира". 108 минут, изменившие мир. Эксмо. ISBN 978-5-699-48001-2. (Anton Pervushin. 108 minutes which changed the world; in Russian)
  7. ↑ "Песня нашего земляка стала гимном российской космонавтики". 31 March 2010. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
  8. ↑ "Darwin's Day to Yuri's Night: some science dates to remember". The Guardian. 2014-09-20. Retrieved 2015-01-17.
  9. ↑ Teague, Jason Cranford (2011-02-14). "Celebrate 50 Years of Human Space Flight on Yuri's Night". Wired. Retrieved 2011-04-04.
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