Codex Campianus

Uncial 021

New Testament manuscript

Folio 91 recto, beginning of Mark, in the right margin liturgical note added: κυριακή προ των φώτων, on Sunday before Epiphany
Name Campianus
Sign M
Text Gospels
Date 9th century
Script Greek
Now at Bibliothèque nationale de France, Gr. 48
Size 22 cm by 16.3 cm
Type Byzantine text-type
Category V
Hand elegantly written
Note Marginalia

Codex Campianus is designated as "M" or "021" in the Gregory-Aland cataloging system and as "ε 72" in the Von Soden system.[1] It is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated palaeographically to the 9th century. The manuscript has complex contents. It has marginalia and was prepared for liturgical (religious) use.

The text of the manuscript was held in high esteem by some 19th-century scholars, but this general opinion changed in the 20th century; as a result the manuscript is rarely cited in critical editions of the Greek New Testament.

Description

The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels, on 257 parchment leaves each approximately 22 cm by 16.3 cm.[2][3] The leaves are arranged in quarto[4] and the text is written in two columns per page, 24 lines per column,[2] in very elegant and small uncial letters, with breathings and accents (in red).[4] The letters are similar to those from Codex Mosquensis II.[5]

The liturgical notes at the margin are written in minuscule letters. According to the biblical scholar Tischendorf the handwriting of the liturgical notes at the margin is very similar to the Oxforder manuscript of Plato dated to the year 895 and housed at the Bodleian Library.[5][6]

Codex Campianus has a number of errors due to contemporary changes in the pronunciation of Greek, a phenomenon known as iotacism.[6] It has errors of N ephelkystikon.[6]

The text of the Gospels is divided according to the Ammonian Sections. It has Harmony of the Gospels written at the bottom.[6]

It is a small manuscript. Besides the New Testament text, it contains Chronology of the Gospels, Epistula ad Carpianum, Eusebian Canon tables, liturgical books with hagiographies (Synaxarion and Menologion), αναγνωσματα (notes of the Church Lessons), musical notes in red, some Arabic text on the last leaf, and a note in Slavonic.[4][6] The Arabic note is illegible except one word "Jerusalem".[6] Some notes are written in very small letters.[7]

Text

The Greek text of this codex is representative of the Byzantine text-type, with a number of Caesarean readings.[8] According to Tischendorf its text is close to Codex Cyprius.[6] According to Hermann Von Soden it is a result of Pamphil's recension.[9]

Kurt and Barbara Aland gave the following textual profile of it 21, 21/2, 82, 3s.[2] This means the text of the codex agrees with the Byzantine standard text 202 times, it agrees 7 times with the original text against the Byzantine and it agrees both with the Byzantine and original text 106 times. There are 12 independent or distinctive readings in this codex. On the basis of this profile, Alands considered the quality of the text to suit his Category III.[2] Commonly, it is included in Family 1424 group of New Testament manuscripts.

In Matthew 1:11 it has the additional text also found in manuscripts Codex Koridethi, Σ, f1, 33, 258, Minuscules: 478, 661, 791, 954, 1216, 1230, 1354, 1604, ℓ 54, syrh and other manuscripts.[10] This variation was observed by Bernard de Montfaucon.[11]

It contains the text of the Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11), just as Γ, f1, 892, 1049, 1220, and 2661 also do.[12] In John 8:11 it has the reading:

τουτο δε ειπαν πειραζοντες αυτον ινα εχωσιν κατηγοριαν κατ αυτου

which translates to "But this they said tempting him, that they might have to accuse him;" a dislocation of verse 6.[13] John 8:11 is usually quoted as "She said, No man, Lord. And Jesus said unto her, Neither do I condemn thee: go, and sin no more".[14]

History

The beginning of Matthew

Bernard de Montfaucon dated the manuscript to the 10th or 11th century, because of palaeographical similarities to the manuscripts housed in Italian libraries.[15] Tischendorf dated it to the last half of the 9th century, because of similarities between liturgical notes of the codex and the Oxforder manuscript of Plato dated to the year 895.[5] Tregelles dated it to the end of the 9th century or beginning of the 10th century.[7] Currently it is dated by the Institute for New Testament Textual Research (INTF) to the 9th century.[3]

The manuscript was brought from the East to Paris. It was called Campianus after François de Camps, who gave it to Louis XIV in 1707.[5] It was used by the scholar Kuster in 1710 and reprinted by him for Mill's Novum Testamentum Graecum.[6] The text was collated by S. P. Tregelles.[6] It was examined and described by Bernard de Montfaucon, who gave its first description and first facsimile, and by Giuseppe Bianchini, who collated its text.[16]

It was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by the Swiss theologian, Wettstein, who gave siglum "M" to it.[17] In 1908 C. R. Gregory gave it the siglum "021".[1]

Some non-biblical material of the codex, such as Synaxarion and Menologion, was published by Scholz in the same place as those of the Codex Cyprius, but with carelessness according to Tischendorf.[5] Dean Burgon has observed that its "Harmony of the Gospels" is of the same type as in Codex Basilensis.[4]

According to 19th century scholars like Tregelles, "it contains many good readings"[7] and Scrivener said the manuscript has a good text.[4] In the 20th century the manuscript remains largely neglected by scholars and its text is classified as "low valuable" (using the V Aland's Catalog).[2]

Russell Champlin examined its text in the Gospel of Matthew and its relationship to the textual family E.[18]

Currently the codex is located in the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris.[2][3]

The manuscript was cited in at least one critical edition of the Greek New Testament, UBS3.[19] It is not cited in UBS4,[20] NA26,[21] or NA27, versions of the Greek New Testament however.[22]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Gregory, Caspar René (1908). Die griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testament. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs'sche Buchhandlung. p. 34.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Aland, Kurt; Aland, Barbara (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.). Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1.
  3. 1 2 3 INTF. "Codex M/021 (GA)". Liste Handschriften. Münster Institute. Retrieved 2012-01-24.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose; Edward Miller (1894). A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament. 1. London: George Bell & Sons. p. 139.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Constantin von Tischendorf (1859). Novum Testamentum Graece. Editio Septima. Lipsiae. p. CLIX.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Gregory, Caspar René (1900). Textkritik des Neuen Testaments. 1. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung. p. 56.
  7. 1 2 3 Tregelles, Samuel Prideaux (1856). An Introduction to the Critical study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures (10 ed.). London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, & Roberts. p. 202.
  8. ↑ Bruce M. Metzger, Bart D. Ehrman, "The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration", Oxford University Press, (New York — Oxford, 2005), p. 77.
  9. ↑ Frederik Wisse, The Profile Method for the Classification and Evaluation of Manuscript Evidence, as Applied to the Continuous Greek Text of the Gospel of Luke, William B. Eerdmans Publishing (Grand Rapids, 1982), p. 52, 64, 100.
  10. ↑ NA26, p. 2; UBS3, p. 2.
  11. ↑ Bernard Montfaucon (1708). Palaeographia Graeca, sive, De ortu et progressu literarum graecarum. Paris. p. 261.
  12. ↑ W. Willker, A Textual Commentary on the Greek Gospels Bremen: 2015, p. 28.
  13. ↑ NA26, p. 274
  14. ↑ Holy Bible, King James Version, Cambridge Edition. John 8:11. 1900.
  15. ↑ Bernard Montfaucon (1708). Palaeographia Graeca, sive, De ortu et progressu literarum graecarum. Paris. p. 260.
  16. ↑ G. Bianchini, Evangeliarium quadruplex latinae versionis antiquae seu veteris italicae (Rome, 1749)
  17. ↑ Wettstein, J. J. (1751). Novum Testamentum Graecum editionis receptae cum lectionibus variantibus codicum manuscripts. Amsterdam: Ex Officina Dommeriana. p. 41.
  18. ↑ Russell Champlin (1966). Family E and its Allies in Matthew. Studies and Documents. XXVIII. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. pp. 163–169.
  19. ↑ The Greek New Testament, ed. K. Aland, A. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, and A. Wikgren, in cooperation with INTF, United Bible Societies, 3rd edition, (Stuttgart 1983), p. XVI.
  20. ↑ The Greek New Testament, ed. B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. M. Martini, and B. M. Metzger, in cooperation with INTF, United Bible Societies, 4th revised edition, (United Bible Societies, Stuttgart 2001), p. 11. ISBN 978-3-438-05110-3
  21. ↑ Nestle, Eberhard et Erwin; communiter ediderunt: K. Aland, M. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, A. Wikgren (1991). Novum Testamentum Graece (26 ed.). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. pp. 12*.
  22. ↑ Nestle, Eberhard et Erwin; communiter ediderunt: B. et K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger (2001). Novum Testamentum Graece (27 ed.). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. pp. 58*–59*.

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