Clark Terry

Clark Terry
Terry at the 1981 Monterey Jazz Festival
Background information
Born	(1920-12-14)December 14, 1920 St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
Died	February 21, 2015(2015-02-21) (aged 94) Pine Bluff, Arkansas, U.S.
Genres	Jazz, swing, bebop, hard bop
Occupation(s)	Musician, composer
Instruments	Trumpet, flugelhorn, vocals
Years active	1940s–2015
Labels	Prestige, Pablo, Candid, Mainstream, Impulse!
Associated acts	Charlie Barnet, Count Basie, Bob Brookmeyer, Clifford Brown, Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis, Miles Davis, Duke Ellington, Dizzy Gillespie, Milt Jackson, J.J. Johnson, Quincy Jones, Yusef Lateef, Charles Mingus, Blue Mitchell, Oliver Nelson, Oscar Peterson, Lalo Schifrin, Billy Taylor, Wynton Marsalis, Arturo Sandoval, Dianne Reeves, Terri Lyne Carrington
Website	clarkterry.com
Notable instruments
Music sample
"Blues for Smedley" from the 1964 album Oscar Peterson Trio + One

Clark Virgil Terry Jr.^[1] (December 14, 1920 – February 21, 2015) was an American swing and bebop trumpeter, a pioneer of the flugelhorn in jazz, composer, educator, and NEA Jazz Masters inductee.^[2]

He played with Charlie Barnet (1947), Count Basie (1948–51),^[3] Duke Ellington (1951–59),^[3] Quincy Jones (1960), and Oscar Peterson (1964-96). He was also with The Tonight Show Band from 1962 to 1972. Terry's career in jazz spanned more than 70 years, during which he became one of the most recorded jazz musicians ever, appearing on over 900 recordings. Terry also mentored many musicians including Quincy Jones, Miles Davis, Herbie Hancock, Wynton Marsalis, Pat Metheny, Dianne Reeves, and Terri Lyne Carrington among thousands of others.^[4]

Early life

Terry was born to Clark Virgil Terry Sr. and Mary Terry in St. Louis, Missouri, on December 14, 1920.^[1][3] He attended Vashon High School and began his professional career in the early 1940s, playing in local clubs. He served as a bandsman in the United States Navy during World War II. His first instrument was valve trombone.^[5]

Terry at the 1981 Monterey Jazz Festival

Big band era

Blending the St. Louis tone with contemporary styles, Terry's years with Basie and Ellington in the late 1940s and 1950s established his prominence. During his period with Ellington, he took part in many of the composer's suites and acquired a reputation for his wide range of styles (from swing to hard bop), technical proficiency, and good humor. Terry influenced musicians including Miles Davis and Quincy Jones, both of whom acknowledged Terry's influence during the early stages of their careers. Terry had informally taught Davis while they were still in St Louis,^[6] and Jones during Terry's frequent visits to Seattle with the Count Basie Sextet.^[7]

After leaving Ellington in 1959, Clark's international recognition soared when he accepted an offer from the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) to become a staff musician. He appeared for ten years on The Tonight Show as a member of the Tonight Show Band until 1972, first led by Skitch Henderson and later by Doc Severinsen, where his unique "mumbling" scat singing led to a hit with "Mumbles".^[8] Terry was the first African American to become a regular in a band on a major US television network. He said later: "We had to be models, because I knew we were in a test.... We couldn't have a speck on our trousers. We couldn't have a wrinkle in the clothes. We couldn't have a dirty shirt."^[9]

Terry continued to play with musicians such as trombonist J. J. Johnson and pianist Oscar Peterson,^[10] and led a group with valve-trombonist Bob Brookmeyer that achieved some success in the early 1960s. In February 1965, Brookmeyer and Terry appeared on BBC2's Jazz 625.^[11] and in 1967, presented by Norman Granz, he was recorded at Poplar Town Hall, in the BBC series Jazz at the Philharmonic, along side James Moody, Dizzy Gillespie, Coleman Hawkins, Benny Carter, Teddy Wilson, Bob Cranshaw, Louie Bellson and T-Bone Walker.^[12]

	"Hum" From the 1965 album Tonight, with Bob Brookmeyer.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

In the 1970s, Terry concentrated increasingly on the flugelhorn, which he played with a full, ringing tone. In addition to his studio work and teaching at jazz workshops, Terry toured regularly in the 1980s with small groups (including Peterson's) and performed as the leader of his Big B-A-D Band (formed about 1970). After financial difficulties forced him to break up the Big B-A-D Band, he performed with bands such as the Unifour Jazz Ensemble. His humor and command of jazz trumpet styles are apparent in his "dialogues" with himself, on different instruments or on the same instrument, muted and unmuted. He occasionally performed solos on a trumpet or flugelhorn mouthpiece.

Later career

Terry in New York City, 1976

From the 1970s through the 1990s, Terry performed at Carnegie Hall, Town Hall, and Lincoln Center, toured with the Newport Jazz All Stars and Jazz at the Philharmonic, and was featured with Skitch Henderson's New York Pops Orchestra. In 1998, Terry recorded George Gershwin's "Let's Call the Whole Thing Off" for the Red Hot Organization's compilation album Red Hot + Rhapsody, a tribute to George Gershwin, which raised money for various charities devoted to increasing AIDS awareness and fighting the disease. In 2001, he again recorded for the Red Hot Organization with artist Amel Larrieux for the compilation album Red Hot + Indigo, a tribute to Ellington.

In the 1980s he was a featured soloist performing in front of the band. In November 1980, he was a headliner along with Anita O'Day, Lionel Hampton and Ramsey Lewis during the opening two-week ceremony performances celebrating the short-lived resurgence of the Blue Note Lounge at the Marriott O'Hare Hotel near Chicago. He was introduced to great acclaim by Chicago jazz disc-jockey Dick Buckley.

Prompted early in his career by Billy Taylor, Clark and Milt Hinton bought instruments for and gave instruction to young hopefuls, which planted the seed that became Jazz Mobile in Harlem. This venture tugged at Terry's greatest love: involving youth in the perpetuation of jazz. From 2000 onwards, he hosted Clark Terry Jazz Festivals on land and sea, held his own jazz camps, and appeared in more than fifty jazz festivals on six continents. Terry composed more than two hundred jazz songs and performed for seven U.S. Presidents.^[13]

He also had several recordings with major groups including the London Symphony Orchestra, the Dutch Metropole Orchestra, and the Chicago Jazz Orchestra, hundreds of high school and college ensembles, his own duos, trios, quartets, quintets, sextets, octets, and two big bands: Clark Terry's Big Bad Band and Clark Terry's Young Titans of Jazz. The Clark Terry Archive at William Paterson University in Wayne, New Jersey, contains instruments, tour posters, awards, original copies of over 70 big band arrangements, recordings and other memorabilia.

In February 2004, Terry guest starred as himself, on Little Bill, a children's television series. Terry was a resident of Bayside, Queens, and Corona, Queens, New York, later moving to Haworth, New Jersey, and then Pine Bluff, Arkansas.^[14][15]

His autobiography was published in 2011^[4] and, as Taylor Ho Bynum writes in The New Yorker, "captures his gift for storytelling and his wry humor, especially in chronicling his early years on the road, with struggles through segregation and gigs in juke joints and carnivals, all while developing one of most distinctive improvisational voices in music history."^[16]

In April 2014, a documentary Keep on Keepin' On, follows Clark Terry over four years to document the mentorship between Terry, and 23-year-old blind piano prodigy Justin Kauflin, as the young man prepares to compete in an elite, international competition.^[17]

According to his own website Terry was "one of the most recorded jazz artists in history and had performed for eight American Presidents."^[18]

In December 2014 the Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra with Wynton Marsalis and Cécile McLorin Salvant visited Terry, who had celebrated his 94th birthday on December 14, at the Jefferson Regional Medical Center. A lively rendition of "Happy Birthday" was played.^[19]

Death and tributes

Terry performing at the White House with singer Nnenna Freelon in 2006

On February 13, 2015, it was announced that Terry had entered hospice care to manage his advanced diabetes.^[20] He died on February 21, 2015.^[21][22]

Writing in The New York Times, Peter Keepnews said Terry "was acclaimed for his impeccable musicianship, loved for his playful spirit and respected for his adaptability. Although his sound on both trumpet and the rounder-toned flugelhorn (which he helped popularize as a jazz instrument) was highly personal and easily identifiable, he managed to fit it snugly into a wide range of musical contexts."^[23]

Writing in UK's The Daily Telegraph, Martin Chilton said: "Terry was a music educator and had a deep and lasting influence on the course of jazz. Terry became a mentor to generations of jazz players, including Miles Davis, Wynton Marsalis and composer-arranger Quincy Jones."^[9]

Interviewing Terry in 2005, fellow jazz trumpeter Scotty Barnhart said he was "... one of the most incredibly versatile musicians to ever live ... a jazz trumpet master that played with the greatest names in the history of the music ..."^[24]

Awards and honors

Terry performing with the Great Lakes Navy Band Jazz Ensemble

Over 250 awards, medals and honors, including:

• Inducted into the Jazz at Lincoln Center Nesuhi Ertegun Jazz Hall of Fame (2013)^[25]
• The 2010 Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, two Grammy certificates, three Grammy nominations
• Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame
• The National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Master Award (1991)
• Sixteen honorary doctorates
• Keys to several cities
• Jazz Ambassador for U.S. State Department tours in the Middle East and Africa
• A knighthood in Germany^[26]
• Charles E. Lutton Man of Music Award, presented by Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia Fraternity in (1985). Terry was awarded honorary membership in the Fraternity by the Beta Zeta Chapter at the College of Emporia (1968). He was also made an honorary member of the Iota Phi chapter of Kappa Kappa Psi, National Honorary Band Fraternity (2011).
• The French Order of Arts and Letters (2000)
• A life-sized wax figure for the Black World History Museum in St. Louis
• Inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame (1996)^[27]
• NARAS Present's Merit Award (2005)
• Trumpeter of the Year by the Jazz Journalists Association (2005)

Discography

As leader

As sideman

See also

• Circular breathing

Bibliography

• Let's Talk Trumpet: From Legit to Jazz (with Phil Rizzo), 1973
• Clark Terry's System of Circular Breathing for Woodwind and Brass Instruments (with Phil Rizzo), 1975
• Interpretation of the Jazz Language, Bedford, Ohio: M. A. S. Publishing Company, 1977
• TerryTunes, anthology of 60 original compositions (1st edn, 1972; 2nd edn w/doodle-tonguing chapter, 2009)
• "Clark Terry – Jazz Ambassador: C.T.'s Diary" [cover portrait], Jazz Journal International 31 (May 6, 1978): pp. 7–8.
• "Jazz for the Record" [Clark Terry Archive at William Paterson University], The New York Times (December 11, 2004).
• Beach, Doug, "Clark Terry and the St. Louis Trumpet Sound", Instrumentalist 45 (April 1991): 8–12.
• Bernotas, Bob, "Clark Terry", Jazz Player 1 (October–November 1994): 12–19.
• Blumenthal, Bob, "Reflections on a Brilliant Career" [reprint of JazzTimes 25, No. 8], Jazz Educators Journal 29, No. 4 (1997): 30–33, 36–37.
• Ellington, Duke, "Clark Terry" chapter in Music is My Mistress (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1973): 229–230.
• LaBarbera, John, "Clark Terry: More Than 'Mumbles'", ITG Journal (International Trumpet Guild) 19, No. 2 (1994): 36–41.
• Morgenstern, Dan, "Clark Terry" in Living With Jazz: A Reader (New York: Pantheon, 2004): 196–201. [Reprint of Down Beat 34 (June 1, 1967): 16–18.]
• Owens, Thomas, "Trumpeters: Clark Terry", in Bebop: The Music and the Players (New York: Oxford, 1995): 111–113.
• Terry, C. Clark: The Autobiography of Clark Terry, University of California Press (2011), ISBN 978-0520268463

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Clark Terry.

• Terry's Official Website
• Terry at Allmusic
• "Profile: Clark Terry" by Arnold Jay Smith (www.jazz.com)
• Clark Terry's oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project
• Clark Terry Interview NAMM Oral History Library (2008)