Chen Qun

Chen Qun
Minister of Cao Wei
Born (Unknown)
Died 236[1]
Names
Traditional Chinese 陳群
Simplified Chinese 陈群
Pinyin Chén Qún
Wade–Giles Ch'en Ch'ün
Courtesy name Changwen (traditional Chinese: 長文; simplified Chinese: 长文; pinyin: Chángwén; Wade–Giles: Ch'ang-wen)
Posthumous name Marquis Jing (Chinese: 靖侯; pinyin: Jìng Hóu; Wade–Giles: Ching Hou)
This is a Chinese name; the family name is Chen.

Chen Qun (died 236),[1] courtesy name Changwen, was a minister of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. Chen Qun initiated the Nine-rank system for civil service nomination in Wei. Following the death of the first Wei ruler Cao Pi, Chen Qun became the Guardian of Wei's military forces. Chen Qun, Sima Yi and Cao Zhen nominated Cao Pi's son, Cao Rui, to become the new emperor.

Life

Early years

Chen Qun was born into a prestigious family. His grandfather, father and uncle are renowned. As a child, Chen Qun's talents were recognized by Kong Rong, who was also friends with his father, Chen Ji.

In the days when Liu Bei was inspector of his hometown, Chen Qun came to be selected into Liu Bei's service. Chen Qun tried to dissuade Liu Bei from succeeding to Tao Qian's territory following Tao Qian's death in 194; saying that since Xu Province was aimed at by Yuan Shu to the south, and by Lu Bu to the east, therefore holding Xu province would invite disaster. Shortly thereafter, Liu Bei regretted not following this advice when he lost Xu Province to Lu Bu. [2]

Serving Cao Cao

In 198, after Cao Cao had defeated Lu Bu and conquered Lu Bu's territory, Cao Cao welcomed the surrender of Chen Qun and his father, Chen Ji, both of whom had previously been serving Lu Bu.

Chen Qun impeached Guo Jia on a number of occasions, on the grounds of Guo Jia's unbridled ways. Although Cao Cao was pleased to see that Chen Qun upheld his principles, Cao Cao did not uphold the impeachment, since Guo Jia's advice was crucial to Cao Cao's gaining military supremacy. [3]

Upon the establishment of the Kingdom of Wei in 216, Chen Qun was asked for his opinion about the possible reestablishment of the practice of corporal punishment within Wei, since Cao Cao knew that Chen Qun's late father, Chen Ji, had supported capital punishment, as he found it to be more humane than mutilation. Chen Qun was in favor of mutilation, because he found it to provide more flexibility in the application of justice, since it was more lenient than the death penalty and yet less lenient than flogging. Zhong Yao also held this view, however Wang Lang and others objected to it and the practice of corporal punishment was not reestablished. [4]

Chen Qun once asked Cao Cao to ascend the throne, however Cao Cao declined the request. [5]

Serving Emperor Cao Pi

In 220, when Emperor Cao Pi ascended the throne, as Cao Pi's ascension to Emperor owed so much to Chen Qun, Chen Qun was elevated to Marquis of Changwu and became Imperial Secretary. Chen Qun proposed the nine-rank system for civil service nominations, and it became law. [6]

Chen Qun unsuccessfully sought pardon for Bao Xun (the son of Bao Xin), who suppressed a report by Liu Yao which implicated Sun Yong in a potentially dangerous breach of protocol when the latter went to pay a visit to Emperor Cao Pi. [7]

In 226, as Cao Pi was ill from an unknown disease, he entrusted the care of his heir, Cao Rui to Cao Zhen, Sima Yi and Chen Qun. [8]

Serving Emperor Cao Rui

Chen Qun prevented the child Emperor Cao Rui from attending the funeral of his father, Cao Pi, on the grounds of protecting Cao Rui from contracting an unknown disease in the hot summer. [9]

When a princess of Cao Rui died, Chen Qun did not want Cao Rui to attend that funeral, because the attendance of the Emperor at funeral rites was only required if the deceased was at least eight years old, and Cao Rui's princess did not meet this criteria as she was less than one year old. However, Cao Rui ignored the advice and attended the funeral. [10]

Many of Cao Rui's officers, including Chen Qun, were concerned about the excessive costs of the construction of Cao Rui's lavish palaces and ancestral temples. Chen Qun memorialized several times for a reduction in the scale of these projects, and eventually Cao Rui was convinced to reduce the scale of his constructions. [11]

Chen Qun died in 236. His son, Chen Tai, inherited his position after his death.

His Personality

It has been said that in his career, Chen Qun was not affected by his personal preferences in deciding whether a policy had merit or not. In his life, Chen Qun was very much concerned with honor and righteousness, and he was also esteemed as a good judge of character. [12]

Appointments and titles held

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Chen Qun's biography in Records of the Three Kingdoms mentioned that Chen died in the 4th year of the Qinglong era (233-237) in Cao Rui's reign. (青龍四年薨， ...) Cao Rui's biography in the Records provided a more precise date: kuisi day, 12th month, 4th year of Qinglong. ([青龍四年]十二月癸巳，司空陳羣薨。)
  2. ↑ Zizhi Tongjian (General History for the Aid of Government), written by Sima Guang, circa 1066 - 1084
  3. ↑ Zizhi Tongjian
  4. ↑ Zizhi Tongjian
  5. ↑ Zizhi Tongjian
  6. ↑ Zizhi Tongjian
  7. ↑ Zizhi Tongjian
  8. ↑ Zizhi Tongjian
  9. ↑ Zizhi Tongjian
  10. ↑ Zizhi Tongjian
  11. ↑ Zizhi Tongjian
  12. ↑ Zizhi Tongjian
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