Cerebral laceration

Cerebral laceration
Classification and external resources
Specialty	neurosurgery
ICD-10	S06.2, S06.3
ICD-9-CM	851

A cerebral laceration is a type of traumatic brain injury that occurs when the tissue of the brain is mechanically cut or torn.^[1] The injury is similar to a cerebral contusion; however, according to their respective definitions, the pia-arachnoid membranes are torn over the site of injury in laceration and are not torn in contusion.^[2]^[3] Lacerations require greater physical force to cause than contusions,^[1] but the two types of injury are grouped together in the ICD-9 and ICD-10 classification systems.

Signs and symptoms

A fifth of people with cerebral lacerations have a lucid interval and no significant changes in level of consciousness.^[2] The level of consciousness decreases as the laceration bleeds and blood begins to build up within the skull.^[2]

Associated injuries

Cerebral lacerations usually accompany other brain injuries and are often found with skull fractures on both sides of the head.^[2] Frequently occurring in the same areas as contusions, lacerations are particularly common in the inferior frontal lobes and the poles of the temporal lobes.^[1] When associated with diffuse axonal injury, the corpus callosum and the brain stem are common locations for laceration.^[1] Lacerations are very common in penetrating and perforating head trauma and frequently accompany skull fractures; however, they may also occur in the absence of skull fracture.^[1] Lacerations, which may result when brain tissue is stretched, are associated with intraparenchymal bleeding (bleeding into the brain tissue).^[1]

Prognosis

A cerebral laceration with large amounts of blood apparent on a CT scan is an indicator of poor prognosis.^[2] The progression and course of complications (health effects that result from but are distinct from the injury itself) do not appear to be affected by a cerebral laceration's location or a mass effect it causes.^[2]

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 Hardman JM, Manoukian A (2002). "Pathology of Head Trauma". Neuroimaging Clinics of North America. 12 (2): 175–187, vii. doi:10.1016/S1052-5149(02)00009-6. PMID 12391630.
1 2 3 4 5 6 Granacher RP (2007). Traumatic Brain Injury: Methods for Clinical & Forensic Neuropsychiatric Assessment, Second Edition. Boca Raton: CRC. p. 26. ISBN 0-8493-8138-X. Retrieved 2008-07-06.
↑ Gennarelli GA, Graham DI (2005). "Neuropathology". In Silver JM, McAllister TW, Yudofsky SC. Textbook Of Traumatic Brain Injury. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. p. 29. ISBN 1-58562-105-6. Retrieved 2008-06-10.

Neurotrauma (S06, Sx4, T09.3–4, 850–854, 950–957)

Traumatic brain injury	Intracranial hemorrhage Intra-axial Intraparenchymal hemorrhage Intraventricular hemorrhage Extra-axial Subdural hematoma Epidural hematoma Subarachnoid hemorrhage Brain herniation Cerebral contusion Cerebral laceration Concussion Post-concussion syndrome Second-impact syndrome Dementia pugilistica Chronic traumatic encephalopathy Diffuse axonal injury Abusive head trauma Penetrating head injury

Spinal cord injury	Anterior spinal artery syndrome Brown-Séquard syndrome Cauda equina syndrome Central cord syndrome Paraplegia Posterior cord syndrome Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality Tetraplegia (Quadriplegia)

Peripheral nerves	Nerve injury Peripheral nerve injury Wallerian degeneration Injury of accessory nerve Brachial plexus injury Traumatic neuroma

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