Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick
Lawrence and Cassandra (née Burnell) Southwick were early immigrants to colonial America and devout Quakers who, along with their children, were severely persecuted for their religious beliefs.
Biographies
Early lives
Lawrence and Cassandra were married 25 January 1623/4 at Kingswinford, Staffordshire, England.[1][2] Along with their four surviving children, John, Josiah, Mary, and Daniel, the Southwicks emigrated to Salem, Massachusetts, sometime between mid-1637 and early-1639 when they were admitted to the First Church in Salem.[3][4] Lawrence was one of the first glassmakers in America, and practiced his craft in the part of Salem now known as Peabody, which was the first glass manufacturing district in America.[5] Lawrence left the industry in 1642,[6] and turned his attention to animal husbandry at which he was very successful.[7]
Persecution as Quakers
In 1657 the Southwicks were put in jail for hosting two visiting Quaker preachers, John Copeland and Christopher Holder. Lawrence Southwick was found to be a member of the First Church of Salem and was released to be dealt with by the leaders of that church. Cassandra remained in jail for seven weeks and was fined forty shillings for possessing a paper written by their two visitors. The paper was considered heretical by Governor John Endicott and others.
In 1658 the Southwicks and their son Josiah were put in jail for twenty weeks for being Quakers.
In 1659, the two youngest of the Southwick's children, a daughter named Provided Southwick and a son named Daniel Southwick, were sentenced to be sold as slaves in the Barbadoes for unpaid fines - fines related to their being Quakers. The sentence was not carried out, however. The entire family went to Shelter Island, New York together.
In 1660 Lawrence and his wife Cassandra died within three days of each other on Shelter Island.
A plaque in Southwick Hall at University of Massachusetts Lowell commemorates "Royal Southwick, Lowell's anti-slavery Quaker senator and manufacturer and a descendent of Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick who were despoiled, imprisoned, starved, whipped, banished from," Massachusetts Bay Colony "and persecuted to death in the year 1660 for being Quakers."
References
Citations
- ↑ Southwick, Neal Shupe (1981). The English Ancestry and American Posterity of Joseph Southwick, 1703-1980. Rexburg, Idaho, United States: Joseph Southwick Family Organization. p. 12. LCCN 81051232. Retrieved October 26, 2015.
- ↑ Delorey, Janet Ireland (1997). A study of Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick. Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, United States: Janet Delorey. p. 13. LCCN 97209825. Retrieved October 26, 2015.
- ↑ Delorey, Janet Ireland (1997). A study of Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick. Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, United States: Janet Delorey. pp. 49–58. LCCN 97209825. Retrieved October 26, 2015.
- ↑ Pierce, Richard Donald (1974). Records of the 1st Church in Salem, Massachusetts, 1629-1736. Salem, Massachusetts, United States: Essex Institute. p. 17. ISBN 088389050X. LCCN 73093302.
- ↑ Kimball, James (January 1879). "The First Glass Factory.--Where?". Historical Collections of the Essex Institute. Salem, Massachusetts, United States: Essex Institute. 16 (1): 1–7. Retrieved October 26, 2015.
- ↑ Wells, John Andrew (1972). The Peabody Story. Salem, Massachusetts, United States. p. 163. LCCN 74173095.
- ↑ Delorey, Janet Ireland (1997). A study of Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick. Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, United States: Janet Delorey. p. 14. LCCN 97209825. Retrieved October 26, 2015.
Further reading
- The American Genealogist, 71:193, 1996.
- Savage, James, Dictionary of the First Settlers of New England, vol. IV, p. 91.
See also
External links
Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick:
"Cassandra Southwick", the poem by John Greenleaf Whittier based on the experience of Provided and Daniel. (Whittier appears to have considered the name Cassandra to be more poetic than Provided.):