Caney Fork River

Caney Fork River
River
Canoeing on the upper Caney Fork
Country United States
State Tennessee
Tributaries
 - left Rocky River, Collins River
 - right Calfkiller River, Falling Water River
Source Near Campbell Junction in Cumberland County
 - elevation 1,960 ft (597 m) [1]
 - coordinates 36°02′36″N 85°09′30″W / 36.04333°N 85.15833°W / 36.04333; -85.15833 [2]
Mouth Cumberland River (Old Hickory Lake) at Carthage
 - elevation 446 ft (136 m) [2]
 - coordinates 36°14′20″N 85°56′29″W / 36.23889°N 85.94139°W / 36.23889; -85.94139Coordinates: 36°14′20″N 85°56′29″W / 36.23889°N 85.94139°W / 36.23889; -85.94139 [2]
Length 143 mi (230 km) [3]
Basin 1,771 sq mi (4,587 km2) [4]
Discharge for Great Falls Dam powerhouse[5]
 - average 3,177 cu ft/s (90 m3/s) (mean for water years 1915-1983)[6]
 - max 210,000 cu ft/s (5,947 m3/s)
March 1929[6]
 - min 25 cu ft/s (0.7 m3/s)
August 1951[6]
Caney Fork watershed

The Caney Fork River is a river that flows through central Tennessee in the United States, draining a substantial portion of the southwestern Cumberland Plateau and southeastern Highland Rim regions.[7] It is a major tributary of the Cumberland River, and is part of the Cumberland, Ohio and Mississippi basins. The river is 143 miles (230 km) long, and its watershed covers 1,771 square miles (4,590 km2) in eleven counties. Monterey, Baxter, Sparta, Smithville, McMinnville, Altamont, Spencer and Gordonsville are among the towns that are at least partially drained by the river.

The Caney Fork flows through two impoundments— Center Hill Lake and Great Falls Lake— both of which create sizeable artificial lakes. The river's basin is home to numerous protected lands and recreational areas, including five state wilderness areas, six interpretive areas, and a wildlife management area.[4] Two state parks— Edgar Evins State Park and Rock Island State Park— are located along the river, and three others— Fall Creek Falls State Park, Burgess Falls State Park and South Cumberland State Park— are located within its basin. The river is a popular stream for canoeing and kayaking.

The name "Caney Fork" comes from the dense cane breaks that grew along the river's banks when European explorers first arrived in the area.[8]

Geography

The Caney Fork rises in Cumberland County about 6 miles (10 km) west-northwest of Crossville before flowing southwest and crossing into White County. In southeastern White County it descends off the Cumberland Plateau through a deep, steep gorge known as Scott's Gulf in a remote area west of Scott Pinnacle, a locally-known mountain. Farther downstream, near the Dodson community, the stream becomes the line between White County and Van Buren County. It receives the flow of the Calfkiller River and several minor tributaries.

At the confluence of the Caney Fork, the Collins River and the Rocky River is Great Falls Lake. This reservoir is impounded by Great Falls Dam, a project of the former Tennessee Electric Power Company now owned and operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority, the only dam outside of the Tennessee River drainage system directly operated by it. This dam impounds a very small but very deep lake due to the depth of the gorges carved by the rivers it impounds. This area was something of a resort area in the early 20th century when such projects were uncommon, especially in the southeastern United States, but other than a few cabins, there is little evidence of this today, as the area has been largely supplanted by larger, more modern developments. The dam is named for the Great Falls of the Caney Fork, caused by the descent of the stream off of the Highland Rim to the level of the Nashville Basin. Here is Rock Island State Park, developed on the site of former woolen mills in the 19th century well predating the electrical development. (This area was used for a considerable number of exterior shots and stunts in the Sylvester Stallone film, The Specialist.)

At the foot of Great Falls Dam the water is usually slack except during periods of high discharge due to the influence of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Center Hill Dam project, developed in the late 1950s. Unlike Great Falls Dam, this project flooded thousands of acres of land previously devoted to agriculture and several small communities. It is crossed by a particularly scenic bridge on State Route 56. Along its shores is Edgar Evins State Park, named for the father of the area's former Congressman, Joe L. Evins, former chairman of the House Appropriations Committee. This area is in DeKalb County.

Below Center Hill Dam, the stream crosses into Smith County and is bridged by Interstate 40 no less than five times. This downstream section is annually stocked with Rainbow, Brown, and Brook Trout by the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency and is considered to be one of the best trout rivers in the state. A final bridge is on U.S. Route 70N near the Elmwood community; the river's mouth into the Cumberland River which also considered to be a world class Striper fishery is almost directly opposite the Smith County seat of Carthage.

See also

References

  1. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey. Campbell Junction, TN. 1:24,000.
  2. 1 2 3 U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Caney Fork
  3. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map Archived 2012-04-05 at WebCite, accessed June 8, 2011.
  4. 1 2 Tennessee Division of Water Pollution Control, Caney Fork River Water Quality Management Plan Summary, October 2003, p. 1.
  5. ↑ Station 03422500 located approximately 0.8 miles downstream from Great Falls Dam
  6. 1 2 3 United States Geological Survey, Water Resources Data Tennessee: Water Year 1983, Water Data Report TN-83-1, p. 75.
  7. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Caney Fork River
  8. ↑ Samuel Cole Williams, Early Travels in the Tennessee Country, 1540-1800 (Watauga Press, 1928), p. 419.
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