CST Complex

The CST Complex is a cellular multiprotein complex that in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is composed of the proteins Cdc13, Stn1, and Ten1, whereas in mammals the CST Complex consists of the proteins CTC1, STN1, and TEN1.[1]

Structure

For budding yeast as well as for mammals, CST is a protein heterotrimer, consisting of three distinct proteins. Yeast Stn1 and Ten1 are orthologous proteins to mammalian STN1 and TEN1.[1] But yeast Cdc13 and mammalian CTC1 are very different in amino acid sequence, length, and to some extent in function.[2]

Function

For both budding yeast and mammals, the CST complex contributes to telomere maintenance, but this function is more crucial for budding yeast, where the CST complex performs the functions that shelterin performs in vertebrates.[1] At least four factors contribute to telomere maintenance: telomerase, shelterin, TERRA and the CST Complex.[3] CST protection of telomeres for mammals occurs under conditions of replication stress. But when not replicating DNA, mammals primarily require shelterin for telomere protection.[4] T-loops and G-quadruplexes are described as the two tertiary DNA structures that protect telomere ends and regulate telomere length.[2] In fungus, the CST complex has been shown to unfold higher order G-tailed stuctures, such as occur with telomere exposure during DNA replication.[5]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Price CM, Boltz KA, Chaiken MF, Stewart JA, Beilstein MA, Shippen DE (2010). "Evolution of CST function in telomere maintenance". Cell Cycle (journal). 9 (16): 3157–3165. doi:10.4161/cc.9.16.12547. PMC 3041159Freely accessible. PMID 20697207.
  2. 1 2 Rice C, Skordalakes E (2016). "Structure and function of the telomeric CST complex". Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal. 14: 161–167. doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2016.04.002. PMC 4872678Freely accessible. PMID 27239262.
  3. ↑ Giraud-Panis MJ, Teixeira MT, Géli V, Gilson E (2010). "CST meets shelterin to keep telomeres in check". Molecular Cell. 39 (5): 665–676. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2010.08.024. PMID 20832719.
  4. ↑ Stewart JA, Wang F, Chaiken MF, Kasbek C, Chastain PD 2nd, Wright WE, Price CM (2012). "Human CST promotes telomere duplex replication and general replication restart after fork stalling". The EMBO Journal. 29 (17): 3537–3549. doi:10.1038/emboj.2012.215. PMC 3433780Freely accessible. PMID 22863775.
  5. ↑ Lue NF, Zhou R, Chico L, Mao N, Steinberg-Neifach O, Ha T (2013). "The telomere capping complex CST has an unusual stoichiometry, makes multipartite interaction with G-Tails, and unfolds higher-order G-tail structures" (PDF). PLOS Genetics. 9 (1): e1003145. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003145. PMC 3536697Freely accessible. PMID 23300477.
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