C1orf173

Glutamate-rich protein 3, also known as Uncharacterized Protein C1orf173 or Chromosome 1 Open Reading Frame 173, is a protein encoded by the ERICH3 gene.[1]

Gene

The ERICH3 gene in humans is 105,628 bases and is encoded on the minus strand at position 31.1 on the short arm of chromosome 1 from base pair 75,033,795 bp to 75,139,422 bp from pter.[2] C1orf173's function in humans is still unclear though there is a link between expression of this gene and several forms of cancer, such as breast cancer and skin sarcomas.[3][4] C1orf173 is expressed in the brain, eye, lung, mammary gland, muscle, pituitary gland, testis, trachea, and uterus.[5]

Protein

The C1orf173 protein in humans is 1,530 amino acids in length and [6] contains two domains of unknown function, DUF4590 and DUF4543. Both DUF regions are currently uncharacterized though they are found in eukaryotes including humans.[7][8] There are currently three known isoforms of the C1orf173 protein in humans, Q5RHP9-1 (canonical), Q5RHP9-2 and Q5RHP9-3. Other animals tend to have a multitude of variant forms of this gene [2]

verbal caption
A diagram showing the three possible isoforms for the c1orf173 protein.

C1orf173 is predicted to be a nuclear protein based on PSORT II analysis and the suggested protein interactions found between c1orf173 and other proteins such as TAF5L. Analyzing the protein for isoelectric point using the Compute pI/Mw tool in Expasy, it was found that C1orf173 is slightly acidic ranging from a pH of 4.6-5 for most orthologs.[9] Further analysis using the NetPhos tool on Expasy found that there are a large number of phosphorylated serines, an intermediate number of phosphorylated threonines and a few phosphoylated tyrosines.[10]

verbal caption
A diagram showing the two DUF domains and phosphorylation sites (in red) on the domains. Phosphorylated O-Glcnac sites also appear in grey.

Protein Structure

The C1orf173 protein has a secondary structure that is primarily alpha helices and random coils based on bioinformatical analysis.[11][12][13] In humans the tertiary structure of C1orf173 has two components that resemble ubiquitin-like 2 activating enzyme e1b and alginase.[14][15]

Protein Interactions

The C1orf173 protein has been predicted or experimentally observed to interact with the following proteins:

MDM2 [16][17]

TAF5L [18]

TLE3 [19]

GIMAP4 [18]

CRISPLD2 [20]

SLC45A4 [20]

TTC23 [20]

See also

References

  1. ↑ GeneCards (May 2014). "Glutamate-Rich 3".
  2. 1 2 NCBI. "ERICH3 glutamate-rich 3 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". NCBI. Retrieved 2015-04-30.
  3. ↑ Johan Karl Olov Skog; Xandra O. Breakefield; Dennis Brown; Kevin C. Miranda; Leileata M. Russo (Jul 2014). "Use of microvesicles in diagnosis and prognosis of medical diseases and conditions".
  4. ↑ Stanford Microarray Database (2010). "C1orf173".
  5. ↑ 2€51Stanford Microarray Database (2010). "C1orf173".
  6. ↑ NCBI (April 2015). "C1orf173 protein [Homo sapiens]".
  7. ↑ Miyamoto-Sato E, Fujimori S, Ishizaka M, et al. (2010). "Protein of unknown function DUF4590 (IPR027962)". PLoS ONE. InterPro. 5: e9289. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009289. PMC 2827538Freely accessible. PMID 20195357.
  8. ↑ "Protein of unknown function DUF4543 (IPR027870)". InterPro.
  9. ↑ Expasy. "Compute pI/Mw tool".
  10. ↑ Technical University of Denmark. "NetPhos 2.0".
  11. ↑ San Diego Supercomputer Center (2015). "Biology Workbench".
  12. ↑ Pôle BioInformatique Lyonnais (2015). "SOPMA SECONDARY STRUCTURE PREDICTION METHOD".
  13. ↑ Pôle BioInformatique Lyonnais (2015). "GOR IV SECONDARY STRUCTURE PREDICTION METHOD".
  14. ↑ Imperial College London (2015). "Phyre II".
  15. ↑ BIOZENTRUM (2015). "SWISS-MODEL".
  16. ↑ NCBI (April 2015). "MDM2 MDM2 proto-oncogene, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase [ Homo sapiens (human) ]".
  17. ↑ Miyamoto-Sato E; Fujimori S; Ishizaka M; Hirai N; Masuoka K; et. al. (Feb 2010). "A comprehensive resource of interacting protein regions for refining human transcription factor networks.". PLoS ONE. 5 (2): e9289. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009289. PMC 2827538Freely accessible. PMID 20195357.
  18. 1 2 Taniwaki M, Daigo Y, Ishikawa N, Takano A, Tsunoda T, Yasui W, Inai K, Kohno N, Nakamura Y (Sep 2006). "Gene expression profiles of small-cell lung cancers: molecular signatures of lung cancer.". Int. J. Oncol. 29: 567–75. PMID 16865272.
  19. ↑ Ju BG, Solum D, Song EJ, Lee KJ, Rose DW, Glass CK, Rosenfeld MG (Dec 2006). "TLE1 complex isolated by tandem affinity purification and co-immunoprecipitation. The topology of the complex is unknown.". Cell. 119: 815–29. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.11.017. PMID 15607978.
  20. 1 2 3 Liu F, Feng Y, Li Z, Pan C, Su Y, Yang R, Song L, Duan H, Deng N (2014). "Clinic-genomic association mining for colorectal cancer using publicly available datasets.". Biomed Res Int. 2014: 170289. doi:10.1155/2014/170289. PMC 4060771Freely accessible. PMID 24987669.
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