Charles William Peach

Charles William Peach, 1844

Charles William Peach ALS (30 September 1800 – 28 February 1886) was a British naturalist and geologist. He discovered fossils in Cornwall, after it had been stated by the geologists William Conybeare, that there were no fossil-bearing rocks in Cornwall.[1]

Biography

Plaque commemorating C. W. Peach, placed on the former Customs House at Gorran Haven, Cornwall, UK by the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall

He was born at Wansford, Northamptonshire; his father at the time was a Yeoman farmer, saddler and harness-maker, and innkeeper, farming about eighty acres (0.32 km²) of land. He received an elementary education at Wansford and at Folkingham in Lincolnshire; and assisted for several years in the inn and farm. Peach did not like drunks and concentrated upon the farm, leaving his brothers to run the Inn. (Samuel Smiles)

In January 1824 under the advisement of Lord Westmoreland (Cabal) (Samuel Smile LL.D- "Robert Dick, Baker of Thurso, Geologist and Botanist") he was appointed riding officer in the HM Coastguard at Weybourne in Norfolk. He had never seen the sea and as he walked along the shore seaweeds and other marine organisms attracted his attention, and these he zealously collected.[1] His duties during the next few years led him to remove successively to Sheringham, Hasboro (Happisburgh), Cromer, and Cley, all in Norfolk.

In the course of his rambles he met the Rev. James Layton, curate at Catfield, who lent him books and assisted in laying the foundations of accurate knowledge. About the year 1830 he was transferred to Charmouth in Dorset, thence to Beer, and Paignton in Devon, and to Gorran Haven near Mevagissey in Cornwall.

Here he continued to pursue his zoological studies and supplied many specimens to George Johnston, who was preparing his History of the British Zoophytes (1838). It was in Gorran Haven that he started to study fossils and found fossils in some of the older rocks previously regarded as not fossil-bearing; the discovery of which proved the presence of Bala Beds (Ordovician or Lower Silurian) in the neighbourhood of Gorran Haven.

In 1841 he read a paper before the British Association at Plymouth On the Fossil Organic Remains found on the south-east coast of Cornwall, and in 1843 he brought before the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall an account of his discovery of fish remains in the Devonian slates near Polperro. Peach was transferred for a time to Fowey; Wher he nursed Alfred Lord Tennison who had fallen on the moors. Tennyson became a firm friend, Peach gets a mention in Tennyson's poem "Maud", (Peach's daughter). Posted in 1849 to Scotland, he went first to Peterhead in 1849 where he befriended fellow customs officer and geologist, David Grieve, and went from there to Wick (1853), where he made acquaintance with Robert Dick of Thurso. During his stay in Peterhead, where he was Comptroller of Customs, he met with Hugh Miller and collected 'Buchan Flints'. He collected the old red sandstone fishes; and during a sojourn at Durness he first found fossils in the Cambrian limestone (1854). Peach was honoured with medals from the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society.[2] Mrs Peach was presented a specially printed book, (from Queen Victoria), by the Prince Consort.

He supplied Charles Darwin with cirripede (barnacle) specimens collected on the Cornish coast, and the hulls [his Customs OFFICER duty to licence] of oceangoing ships in dry-dock; thus barnacles from all over the world, these formed the earliest calibration point for Origin. Peach was moved to Peterhead Scotland and thence to WICK in the rank Comptroller Customs. Here he also acted as Consul for Norway.

Personal life

Peach married and was the father of seven children.[1] He retired from the government service in 1861 due to a customs treaty with France requiring a reduction of officers. He moved to Edinburgh in May 1865 whereupon he commenced a new field of research and study into the plant fossils of the Carboniferous rocks of the area. 1870-1874 President RGS Edinburgh. He died at Edinburgh on 28 February 1886.

One of his sons was the geologist Benjamin Neeve Peach, ASRM, LL.D etc. Director the Royal Geological Survey Scotland. BNP's geological map is still used in Universities around the world. it was Ben Peach that discovered how older rocks were above younger rocks and this is the basis of tectonics.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "The Scientific Coastguardsman, Charles Peach, of Fowey". The Cornishman (46). 29 May 1879. p. 6.
  2. ↑ David Oldroyd, ‘Peach, Charles William (1800–1886)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 16 Nov 2007

Sources

Further reading

External links

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