Bolivarian countries

The Bolivarian countries.

The Bolivarian countries[1] are six Hispanic American countries (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru and Venezuela) whose republican origin is attributed to the ideals of Simón Bolívar and independence war led by the Venezuelan military in the viceroyalties of New Granada and Peru.

Although Bolivar had nothing to do with Independence of Panama from Spain, let alone the emergence of Panama as an autonomous and independent republic (1903), this country is considered Bolivarian as it proclaimed its independence in 1821. Panamanian patriots voluntarily joined the old provinces of Veraguas and Panama into Gran Colombia and once it dissolved in 1830, the territory remained part of Colombia until 1903. In addition, Bolívar chose Panama to host the Amphictyonic Congress. Meanwhile, in 1824 Bolívar consolidated, with the battles of Junín and Ayacucho, the Independence of Peru, which had been initiated by José de San Martín, who in 1821 had declared independence and established the Republic of Peru.

The links between these countries have come through economic alliances and international treaties such as the Andean Community, which since 1939 brought together those countries except Panama and to which belonged Chile and Venezuela.[2] Similarly, there are cultural and sporting organizations such as Bolivarian Sports Organization, that since 1938, have organized the Bolivarian Games every four years.[3]

History

Faithful to his ideals of American unity, with much effort executed Bolívar integration into a single republic, of Colombia (known historiographically as Gran Colombia) with a unitary model, three former entities of Spanish rule, formed by the Viceroyalty of New Granada (currently Colombia and Panama), the Captaincy General of Venezuela (Venezuela) and the Quito (Ecuador), led by Colonel José de Fabrega to then,

On the other hand, the Independence of Panama from Spain was certainly an act of another movement of Simón Bolívar. The isthmus of Panama proclaimed its independence on November 28, 1821 and voluntarily joined the Gran Colombia, due to the sympathy of the Isthmian leadership to the ideals of Bolívar.[4]

With respect to Peru, in 1824, Simón Bolívar achieved military victories in the battles of Junín (August 6) and Ayacucho (December 9) to the royalist troops who dominated the viceroyalty obtaining the signature of the Spanish capitulation recognized the Peruvian independence, emancipatory action initiated in 1821 by José de San Martín who declared independence and established the Republic of Peru.

As for Bolivia, from 1809, the secessionist struggle against Spain began, which lasted until 1825. Marshall Sucre sent Bolívar called a Congress which declared absolute independence of that country, gave the name "Bolívar Republic", named Simón Bolívar "Liberator" and gave the supreme political power (position rejected).[5]

In 1830, the secession of the member nations of the Gran Colombia began, when the Bolivarian dream of the American union, declined as did his life. After Venezuela and Ecuador decided to secede, Panama made the same decision on September 26, 1830. This situation continued until December 11 of that year, when under a gesture of Bolivar, it rejoined the Gran Colombia. Simón Bolívar died on December 17.[6] After the dissolution of the union, Panama was part of the Republic of Colombia until its final separation on November 3, 1903. This was caused by Colombia's rejection of Hay–Herrán Treaty, the crisis of Panama following the Thousand Days' War and strategic intervention United States on isthmus. Also in that country, Bolívar specified about the Amphictyonic Congress, which in 1826 he sought to create a confederation of American countries in defense of the continent against the League of the Holy Alliance, by forming an army of 60,000 soldiers with proportional quotas to defend themselves from Spain.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Presidencia de la República de Colombia. "Gobierno aporte $25 millones para Juegos Bolivarianos" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2009-03-03.
  2. ↑ Declaración del Consejo Consultivo Empresarial Andino Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.
  3. ↑ XV Juegos Bolivarianos Archived July 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  4. ↑ Arosemena Mariano, Apuntamientos Históricos (1801-1840), Digital Version
  5. ↑ General Assembly of Upper Peru (1825-08-11). Independencia de las Provincias del Alto Perú. Chuquisaca. Published in the Gaceta de Colombia, number 215 of November 27, 1825.
  6. ↑ http://www.laguia2000.com/panama/independencia-de-panama Independence of Panama.

External links

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