Aqua Marcia

Aqua Marcia near Tivoli

The Aqua Marcia was the longest of the 11 aqueducts that supplied the city of ancient Rome. The still-functioning Acqua Felice from 1586 runs on long stretches along the route of the Aqua Marcia.

History

The Aqua Marcia was constructed from 144–140 BC by the praetor Quintus Marcius Rex (an ancestor of Julius Caesar), for whom it is named. It followed the via Tiburtina into Rome, and entered the city in its eastern boundary at the Porta Tiburtina of the Aurelian Wall. The aqueduct was well known for its cold and pure waters.

The aqueduct was largely paid for by spoils from the recent Roman conquests of Corinth in 146 BC and the destruction of Carthage at the end of the Third Punic War, in the same year.^[1] The water provided by the Aqua Marcia was an important ingredient allowing Rome's expansion into a large imperial city.

The ancient source for the aqueduct was near the modern towns of Arsoli and Agosta, over 91 km away in the Anio valley. This general locale, in hills to the east of the city, was used for other aqueducts as well, including the Anio Vetus, Anio Novus, and Aqua Claudia. The same source is used today to supply the modern aqueduct.

The Aqua Marcia supplied water to the Viminal Hill in the north of Rome, and from there to the Caelian, Aventine, Palatine, and Capitoline regions of the city. Its extension to the Capitoline Hill caused a controversy at the time, because traditionalists were concerned about a passage in the Sibylline Books warning against bringing water there.^[2]

The aqueduct was repaired by Marcus Agrippa in 33 BC, and then later again by Augustus, according to the inscription in the arch that was later made into the Porta Tiburtina. Augustus also augmented the supply by linking it to an additional source, the Aqua Augusta, doubling the throughput. Much of its supply was siphoned off by private citizens for their own use, making it effectively only a trickle in the city by the time of Nero. The supply was increased again by later emperors. By the time Frontinus measured the city's aqueducts around 97, the Aqua Marcia was capable of supplying 187,600,000 l (49,600,000 US gal; 41,300,000 imp gal) of water a day, the second-greatest source of the city's water.

Gallery

Aqua Marcia near Romavecchia, Rome
Route of the Aqua Marcia outside of Rome
Route of the Aqua Marcia within Rome
Closeup on the Roman waterproof mortar inside of the channel

References

Coarelli, Filippo, Guida Archeologica di Roma, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, 1989.
Claridge, Amanda, Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide, Oxford University Press, New York, 1998

Notes

↑ Stambaugh, John E (1988), The Ancient Roman City, Johns Hopkins University Press, p. 36 .
↑ Stambaugh, p. 37.

External links

Roman aqueducts

Croatia	Diocletianus Aqueduct

France	Barbegal aqueduct Pont du Gard Gier aqueduct

Germany	Eifel Aqueduct

Italy	Aqua Anio Novus Aqua Alexandrina Aqua Alsietina Aqua Appia Aqua Augusta (Naples) Aqua Augusta (Rome) Aqua Claudia Aqua Julia Aqua Martia Aqua Tepula Aqua Traiana Aqua Virgo Pont d'Aël

Jordan	Gadara Aqueduct

Luxembourg	Raschpëtzer Qanat

Spain	Acueducto de los Milagros, Mérida Segovia's aqueduct Aqüeducte de les Ferreres, Tarragona Caños de Carmona, Seville Las Médulas

Turkey	Valens Aqueduct

Wales	Dolaucothi Gold Mines

List of Roman aqueducts

Coordinates: 41°52′16″N 12°32′20″E / 41.8711°N 12.5389°E / 41.8711; 12.5389

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