Nasuella

Mountain coatis
Western mountain coati, Nasuella olivacea
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Procyonidae
Genus: Nasuella
Hollister, 1915
Species
Approximate combined range of the two mountain coatis

Mountain coatis are two species of procyonid mammals from the genus Nasuella. Unlike the larger coatis from the genus Nasua, mountain coatis only weigh 1–1.5 kilograms (2.2–3.3 lb) and are endemic to the north Andean highlands in South America.[1][2] Until recently only a single species with three subspecies was recognized.[3] In 2009 this species was split into two species, the eastern mountain coati (N. meridensis) from Venezuela, and the western mountain coati (N. olivacea, with subspecies quitensis) from Colombia and Ecuador.[4]

A population discovered in southern Peru (more than 1,000 km or 620 mi south of the previous distribution limit) has tentatively been identified as the western mountain coati, but may represent an undescribed taxon.[5]

Externally, the two species of mountain coatis are quite similar, but the eastern mountain coati is overall smaller, somewhat shorter-tailed on average, has markedly smaller teeth, a paler olive-brown pelage, and usually a dark mid-dorsal stripe on the back (versus more rufescent or blackish, and usually without a dark mid-dorsal stripe in the western mountain coati).[4] Both are found in cloud forest and páramo; at altitudes of 2,000–4,000 metres (6,600–13,100 ft) for the eastern mountain coati, and 1,300–4,250 metres (4,270–13,940 ft) for the western mountain coati.[4]

They are very poorly known, and the "combined species" (when only one species was recognized) has been classified as data deficient by the IUCN.[2] Their behavior largely appears to resemble that of the better-known Nasua coatis, although the mountain coatis feed less on fruit.[1][6] Unlike the Nasua coatis, mountain coatis are very rare in captivity. Among ISIS registered institutions, only three zoos (all in the USA) reported that they had mountain coatis in early 2011,[7] but at least one of these appears to be a case of misidentification.[8] A mountain coati that was confiscated from poachers is kept at Bioparque la Reserva in Cota.[8]

Genetic evidence indicates that the genus Nasua is only monophyletic if it also includes the mountain coatis. Based on cytochrome b sequences, Nasua nasua is the sister taxon to a clade consisting of Nasua narica plus both species of Nasuella.[4]

Coatis  



Nasua narica

Nasuella meridensis

Nasuella olivacea

Nasua nasua



References

  1. 1 2 Kays, R. (2009). Mountain coati (Nasuella olivacea). p. 528 in: Wilson, D. E., and R. A. Mittermeier, eds (2009). Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol. 1. Carnivores. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 978-84-96553-49-1
  2. 1 2 Reid, F. & Helgen, K. (2008). "Nasuella olivacea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 14 February 2011.
  3. ↑ Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Helgen, K. M.; Kays, R.; Helgen, L. E.; Tsuchiya-Jerep, M. T. N.; Pinto, C. M.; Koepfli, K. P.; Eizirik, E.; Maldonado, J. E. (August 2009). "Taxonomic boundaries and geographic distributions revealed by an integrative systematic overview of the mountain coatis, Nasuella (Carnivora: Procyonidae)" (PDF). Small Carnivore Conservation. 41: 65–74. Retrieved 2013-08-20.
  5. ↑ Pacheco, V., R. Cadenillas, E. Salas, C. Tello, and H. Zeballos (2009). Diversidad y endemismo de los mamíferos del Perú/Diversity and endemism of Peruvian mammals. Rev. Peru. Biol. 16(1): 5-32.
  6. ↑ Rodríguez-Bolaños, A., A. Cadena, and P. Sánchez (2000). Trophic characteristics in social groups of the Mountain coati, Nasuella olivacea (Carnivora: Procyonidae). Small Carnivore Conservation 23: 1–6.
  7. ↑ ISIS (2011). Mountain coati. Version 12 January 2011.
  8. 1 2 WildlifeExtra (September 2010). First ever Mountain coati in captivity in Colombia. Downloaded on 14 February 2011.
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