Alexander Andreyevich Svechin

Alexander Andreyevich Svechin

Svechin, ca. 1923
Academy of General Staff of the Red Army
Personal details
Born Alexander Andreyevich Svechin
Александр Андреевич Свечин
(1878-08-17)17 August 1878
Odessa, Ukraine, Russian Empire
Died 28 July 1938(1938-07-28) (aged 59)
Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Nationality Sovietc
Political party All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
Profession Soldier
Religion Russian Orthodox
Military service
Allegiance  Russian Empire
 Russian SFSR
 Soviet Union
Service/branch Russian Imperial Army
Red Army
Years of service 1899–1938
Battles/wars World War I
Soviet–Japanese Border War

Alexander Andreyevich Svechin (Russian: Александр Андреевич Свечин; 17 August 1878, Odessa – 28 July 1938) was a Russian and Soviet military leader, military writer, educator and theorist, and author of the military classic Strategy.

Early life

Alexander Svechin was born in Odessa, where his father was a general in the Imperial Russian Army. He was of Russian ethnicity.[1] His elder brother Mikhail Svechin (1876–1969) was a cavalry officer in the cuirassiers who fought in Russo-Japanese War and World War I, joined the White movement in Russian Civil War and died in France in 1969.

Career

Alexander Svechin studied at St. Petersburg Cadet Corps, then in the Mikhailovsky Artillery School. He graduated from the General Staff Academy in 1903.

He participated in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 as a Company Commander in the 22nd Eastern Siberian Regiment, and subsequently as a staff officer at the headquarters of the 16th Army Corps, and a staff officer at the headquarters of the 3rd Manchurian Army.

After the start of World War I, he was assigned the command of the 5th Finland Rifle Regiment, and was later named Chief of Staff of the 7th Infantry Division, commander of the Black Sea Marine Division and, finally, after rising to the rank of major general in 1916, chief of staff of the Russian 5th Army.

Following the October Revolution, in March 1918, he joined the Bolshevik side and was immediately appointed military commander of the Smolensk region. He rose to become the head of the All-Russian General Staff.

In October 1918, Following disagreements with the Soviet commander-in-chief Jukums Vācietis, Svechin was removed from his position and appointed professor at the Academy of General Staff of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. The new position enabled Svechin to combine his talent as a writer with his knowledge of military strategy. His work Strategy became required reading at Soviet military schools.

In February 1931, in a purge of former czarist officers in the Red Army, Svechin was arrested and sentenced to 5 years imprisonment in the gulags. However, in February 1932, he was released and returned to active duty as a divisional commander in the Red Army. He was posted first at the intelligence agency of the General Staff, and later at the Academy of General Staff of the Red Army.

Death

Svechin was arrested again on 30 December 1937. His name was included in the death list № 107, dated 26 July 1938, that was signed by Stalin and Molotov. On 29 July 1938, he was sentenced to death by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR on charges of "participating in a counter-revolutionary organization" and "training terrorists." He was executed on 29 July 1938 and his body buried in the Moscow region of Kommunarka. He was rehabilitated 8 September 1956.

Svechin's name appears in Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's cycle of novels The Red Wheel.

Works

References

  1. ↑ "Жертвы политического террора в СССР ("The victims of political terror in the USSR")". Lists.memo.ru. Retrieved 2015-02-25.

Further reading

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