Acute myelomonocytic leukemia
| Acute myelomonocytic leukemia | |
|---|---|
| Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-O | M9867/3 |
| MeSH | D015479 |
Acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMMoL) is a form of acute myeloid leukemia that involves a proliferation of CFU-GM myeloblasts and monoblasts.
It is classified under "M4" in the French-American-British classification (FAB).[1]
It is classified under "AML, not otherwise classified" in the WHO classification.[2]
Translocations have been observed.[3]
Progression from myelodysplastic syndrome has been reported.[4]
Acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) is a group of malignant bone marrow neoplasms of myeloid precursors of white blood cells. Acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AML-M4) is a common type of pediatric AML. However, the condition is rare and represents approximately 3% of all leukemias during childhood and has an incidence of 1.1 – 1.7 per million per year. The symptoms may be aspecific: asthenia, pallor, fever, dizziness and respiratory symptoms. More specific symptoms are bruises and/or (excessive)bleeding, coagulation disorders (DIC), neurological disorders and gingival hyperplasia. Diagnosticmethods include blood analysis, bone marrow aspirate for cytochemical, immunological and cytogeneticalanalysis, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) investigations. A characteristic chromosomal abnormalityobserved in AML-M4 is inv(16). Treatment includes intensive multidrug chemotherapy and in selected cases allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Nevertheless, outcome of AML remains poor with an overall survival of 35-60%. Children with AML-M4 carrying the inv(16) abnormality have a better prognosis (61% 5-year overall survival). New therapeutics are required to increase the probability of cure in this serious disorder.
See also
References
- ↑ "Acute Myeloid Leukemia - Signs and Symptoms".
- ↑ "eMedicine - Acute Myelogenous Leukemia : Article by Karen Seiter".
- ↑ Yamamoto K, Nagata K, Tsurukubo Y, et al. (2002). "Translocation (8;12)(q13;p13) during disease progression in acute myelomonocytic leukemia with t(11;19)(q23;p13.1)". Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 137 (1): 64–7. doi:10.1016/S0165-4608(02)00555-1. PMID 12377416.
- ↑ Zhang L, Alsabeh R, Mecucci C, et al. (2007). "Rare t(1;11)(q23;p15) in therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome evolving into acute myelomonocytic leukemia: a case report and review of the literature". Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 178 (1): 42–8. doi:10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2007.06.012. PMID 17889707.