8th century BC

Millennium:	1st millennium BC
Centuries:	9th century BC 8th century BC 7th century BC
Decades:	790s BC 780s BC 770s BC 760s BC 750s BC 740s BC 730s BC 720s BC 710s BC 700s BC
Categories:	Births – Deaths Establishments – Disestablishments

The 8th century BC started the first day of 800 BC and ended the last day of 701 BC. The 8th century BC was a period of great changes in civilizations. In Egypt, the 23rd and 24th dynasties led to rule from Nubia in the 25th Dynasty. The Neo-Assyrian Empire reaches the peak of its power, conquering the Kingdom of Israel as well as nearby countries.

Greece colonizes other regions of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea. Rome is founded in 753 BC, and the Etruscan civilization expands in Italy. The 8th century BC is conventionally taken as the beginning of Classical Antiquity, with the first Olympiad set at 776 BC, and the epics of Homer dated to between 750 and 650 BC.

Iron Age India enters the later Vedic period. Vedic ritual is annotated in many priestly schools in Brahmana commentaries, and the earliest Upanishads mark the beginning of Vedanta philosophy.

Events

The bronze Capitoline Wolf suckles the infant twins Romulus and Remus, the twins added in the 15th century. They were the legendary founders of Rome.

Sargon II, King of Assyria and conqueror of the Kingdom of Israel, depicted here with a dignitary

Late 8th century BC: Earrings, crown and rosettes, from the tomb of Queen Yabay in Kalhu (modern Nimrud, Iraq) are made. They are now at Iraq Museum, Baghdad. Discovered in 1988.
797 BC: Ardysus I becomes king of Lydia.
797 BC: Thespieus, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 27 years and is succeeded by his son Agamestor.

780s BC

783 BC: Shalmaneser IV succeeds his father Adad-nirari III as king of Assyria.
782 BC: Founding of Erebuni (Էրեբունի) by the orders of King Argishtis I at the site of current-day Yerevan.
782 BC: Death of King Xuan of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty (1122 BC—256 BC) of China.
781 BC: King You of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty (1122 BC—256 BC) of China.
780 BC: The first historic solar eclipse is recorded in China.

770s BC

778 BC: Agamestor, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 17 years and is succeeded by his son Aeschylus.
776 BC: retrospectively set as the first Olympiad. The history of the Olympic Games is believed to reach as far back as the 13th century BC.
774 BC: End of the reign of king Pygmalion of Tyre.
773 BC: Death of Shoshenq III, king of Egypt.
773 BC: Ashur-Dan III succeeds his brother Shalmaneser IV as king of Assyria.
771 BC: End of the Western Zhou Dynasty in China as "western" barbarian tribes sack the capital Hao. King You of Zhou is killed. Crown Prince Ji Yijiu escapes and will reign as King Ping of Zhou.
770 BC: Beginning of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in China as King Ping of Zhou becomes the first King of the Zhou to rule from the new capital of Chengzhou (today Luoyang).

760s BC

June 15, 763 BC: A solar eclipse at this date is used to fix the chronology of the Ancient Near East.
Mid-8th century BC: Model of temple, found in the Sanctuary of Hera, Argos, is made. It is now at National Archeological Museum, Athens.

750s BC

756 BC: Founding of Cyzicus.
755 BC: Ashur-nirari V succeeds Ashur-Dan III as king of Assyria.
755 BC: Aeschylus, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 23 years and is succeeded by Alcmaeon.
753 BC: Alcmaeon, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 2 years. He is replaced by Harops, elected Archon for a ten-year term.
April 21, 753 BC: Rome founded by Romulus (according to tradition). Beginning of the Roman 'Ab urbe condita' calendar.

740s BC

February 26, 747 BC: Nabonassar becomes king of Babylon.
747 BC: Meles becomes king of Lydia.
747 BC: The Lusatian culture city at Biskupin is founded.^[1]
745 BC: The Crown of Assyria seized by Pul, who takes the name Tiglath-Pileser III.
743 BC: Duke Zhuang of the Chinese state of Zheng comes to power.
740 BC: Tiglath-Pileser III conquers the city of Arpad in Syria after two years of siege.
740 BC: Start of Ahaz's reign of Judah.

730s BC

739 BC: Hiram II becomes king of Tyre.
738 BC: King Tiglath-Pileser III of Assyria invades Israel, forcing it to pay tribute.
734 BC: Syracuse (Sicily) was founded as a colony by Corinth.
734 BC: Naxus in Sicily founded as a colony of Chalcis in Euboea. (traditional date)
732 BC: Hoshea becomes the last king of Israel.
730 BC: Osorkon IV succeeds Sheshonq IV as king of the Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt.
730 BC: Piye succeeds his father Kashta as king of the Nubian kingdom of Napata.
730 BC: Mattan II succeeds Hiram II as king of Tyre.

720s BC

728 BC: Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers of the Nile Delta. He founds the Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt.
727 BC: Babylonia makes itself independent of Assyria.
724 BC: The Assyrians start a four-year siege of Tyre.
724 BC: The diaulos footrace introduced at the Olympics.
722 BC: Spring and Autumn period of China's history begins as King Ping of Zhou of the Zhou Dynasty reigns in name only.
722 BC: Israel is conquered by Assyrian king Sargon II.
720 BC: End of the Assyrian siege of Tyre.

710s BC

719 BC: King Huan of Zhou of the Zhou Dynasty becomes ruler of China.
718 BC: Gyges becomes the ruler of Lydia.
717 BC: Assyrian king Sargon conquers the Hittites stronghold of Carchemish.
717 BC: Sargon II founds a new capital for Assyria at Dur-Sharrukin.
716 BC: Roman legend marks this as the date that Romulus ended his rule.
715 BC: Start of the reign of Roman King Numa Pompilius.
713 BC: Numa Pompilius reforms the Roman calendar.
712 BC: Numa Pompilius creates the office of Pontifex Maximus.

700s BC

706 BC: Spartan immigrants found Taras (Tarentum, the modern Taranto) colony in southern Italy.
705 BC: Sennacherib succeeds Sargon II as king of Assyria.
704 BC: Sennacherib moves the capital of Assyria to Nineveh.
701 BC: King Hezekiah of Judah, backed by Egypt, revolts against king Sennacherib of Assyria. Sennacherib sacks many cities, but fails in his attempt to take Jerusalem.
700 BC: The Scythians start settling in Cimmerian areas, slowly replacing the previous inhabitants.
700 BC: End of the Villanovan culture in northern Italy and rise of the Etruscan civilization.
700 BC: The Upanishads, a sacred text of Hinduism, are written around this time.

Date unknown

Greeks colonize Mediterranean and Black Seas.
Thraco-Cimmerian influence in Central Europe.
Assyria conquers Damascus and Samaria.

Significant persons

Although many human societies were literate at this time, some of the individuals mentioned below must be considered legendary rather than historical.

760s BC—Argishtis I of Urartu dies.
760s BC—Amaziah of Judah dies.
760s BC—Archilaus, king of Sparta, dies.
760s BC—Marduk-apla-usur and Eriba-Marduk, kings of Babylon, dies.
760s BC—Rivallo, legendary king of the Britons, dies.
Shoshonq V, Pharaoh of the Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt. (767 BC–730 BC)
Osorkon III, Pharaoh of the Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt. (787 BC–759 BC)
Takelot III, Pharaoh of the Twenty-third dynasty of Egypt. (764 BC–757 BC)
Rudamun, Pharaoh of the Twenty-third dynasty of Egypt. (757 BC–754 BC)
Iuput, Pharaoh of the Twenty-third dynasty of Egypt. (754 BC–715 BC)
Niumateped, king of the Libyans. (775 BC–750 BC)
Titaru, king of the Libyans. (758 BC–750 BC)
Ker, king of the Libyans. (750 BC–745 BC)
Midas (king of Phrygia).
740s BC- Isaiah, biblical prophet & advisor to the kings of Judah (according to the Bible).
Hezekiah of the Kingdom of Judah (reigned 715 BC–687 BC).
Hesiod, author of the Theogony, Works and Days, and Shield (750 BC-625 BC)
Sennacherib, king of Assyria and conqueror of Babylon. (705–681 BC)
Homer (exact dates unknown, usually dated to the mid to late 8th century BC).
740s BC—Romulus and Remus.
725 BC—Bakenranef (also known as Bocchoris) succeeds his father Tefnakhte as king of the Twenty-fourth dynasty of Egypt.
Ahaz, king of Judah. (735 BC–715 BC)
723 BC—Shalmaneser V, king of Assyria, dies.
723 BC—Sargon succeeds Shalmaneser V as king of Assyria.
721 BC—Shabaka succeeds his father Piye as king of the Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt.
720 BC—Shabaka kills Bakenranef (Bocchoris), ending the Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt.
720 BC—Death of King Ping of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
715 BC—Osorkon IV dies, ending the Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt.
713 BC—Birth of semi-legendary Zamolxis in Dacia.

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

Demotic writing appeared in Ancient Egypt.
Greeks adopt alphabetic writing.

Sovereign states

See: List of sovereign states in the 8th century BC.

References

↑ "Muzeum Archeologiczne w Biskupinie". Biskupin.pl. Retrieved 2012-07-06.

Decades and years

8th century BC
10th century BC←9th century BC← ↔ →7th century BC→6th century BC

800s BC	809 BC	808 BC	807 BC	806 BC	805 BC	804 BC	803 BC	802 BC	801 BC	800 BC
790s BC	799 BC	798 BC	797 BC	796 BC	795 BC	794 BC	793 BC	792 BC	791 BC	790 BC
780s BC	789 BC	788 BC	787 BC	786 BC	785 BC	784 BC	783 BC	782 BC	781 BC	780 BC
770s BC	779 BC	778 BC	777 BC	776 BC	775 BC	774 BC	773 BC	772 BC	771 BC	770 BC
760s BC	769 BC	768 BC	767 BC	766 BC	765 BC	764 BC	763 BC	762 BC	761 BC	760 BC
750s BC	759 BC	758 BC	757 BC	756 BC	755 BC	754 BC	753 BC	752 BC	751 BC	750 BC
740s BC	749 BC	748 BC	747 BC	746 BC	745 BC	744 BC	743 BC	742 BC	741 BC	740 BC
730s BC	739 BC	738 BC	737 BC	736 BC	735 BC	734 BC	733 BC	732 BC	731 BC	730 BC
720s BC	729 BC	728 BC	727 BC	726 BC	725 BC	724 BC	723 BC	722 BC	721 BC	720 BC
710s BC	719 BC	718 BC	717 BC	716 BC	715 BC	714 BC	713 BC	712 BC	711 BC	710 BC
700s BC	709 BC	708 BC	707 BC	706 BC	705 BC	704 BC	703 BC	702 BC	701 BC	700 BC
690s BC	699 BC	698 BC	697 BC	696 BC	695 BC	694 BC	693 BC	692 BC	691 BC	690 BC

Centuries and millennia

Millennium	Century
BC (BCE)
4th	40th	39th	38th	37th	36th	35th	34th	33rd	32nd	31st
3rd	30th	29th	28th	27th	26th	25th	24th	23rd	22nd	21st
2nd	20th	19th	18th	17th	16th	15th	14th	13th	12th	11th
1st	10th	9th	8th	7th	6th	5th	4th	3rd	2nd	1st
AD (CE)
1st	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th	9th	10th
2nd	11th	12th	13th	14th	15th	16th	17th	18th	19th	20th
3rd	21st	22nd	23rd	24th	25th	26th	27th	28th	29th	30th

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