34th Army (Soviet Union)
| 34th Army (1941-1944) | |
|---|---|
| Active | 16 July 1941 - 15 January 1944 |
| Country | Soviet Union |
| Branch | Red Army |
| Size | Army |
| Part of |
Moscow Military District Reserve Front Northwestern Front |
| Engagements |
Leningrad Strategic Defensive Staraya-Russa Offensive Demyansk Defensive Demyansk Offensive (1942) Demyansk Offensive Staraya-Russa Offensive (1943) |
| Disbanded | 15 January 1944 |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | See List |
The 34th Army was part of the Red Army during the Second World War. The army was formed on 16 July 1941 in the Moscow Military District.
Combat History
1941
On 18 July the army was assigned to the Moscow line of defense occupying positions west of Maloyaroslavets where it was assigned troops. On 25 July the army became part of the backup for Lieutenant General Bagdanov, which on 30 July was designated as the Reserve Front the army headquarters located in Lüübnitsa, Russia (now Estonia). On 6 August the army was reassigned to the Northwestern Front.
Composition on 1 August 1941:[1]
- 245th Rifle Division
- 257th Rifle Division
- 259th Rifle Division
- 262nd Rifle Division
- 25th Cavalry Division
- 54th Cavalry Division
- 171st Antitank Artillery Regiment
- 759th Antitank Artillery Regiment
- 16th Armored Train
- 59th Armored Train
The army was tasked to defend the eastern bank of the Lovat River from Kholm to Kulakovo south of the German-held city of Staraya Russa. STAVKA Directive 00824 tasked the army to strike the left wing of the German forces defeating the forces in the area between Soltsy and Staraya Russa. If successful, the operation could cut off the entire right flank of the Army Group North. According to the order the army was by 15 August to advance more the 25 miles to the line of Snezhka-Chudinovo-Rechnye Kottsy, and by 18 August was to reach the line of Volot-Dolzhino.
By 11 August the army had reached the Polist River along a 24-mile front from Vzglyady to Gojko and launched their offensive. The German X Corps only had small outposts on its flank with the 30th and 129th Infantry Divisions east of Staraya Russa arrayed against the Soviet 11th Army and the 290th Infantry Division on the south side of Staraya Russa guarding the Germ right flank. After the start of the Soviet Offensive the German forces were moved west of Staraya Russa.
The first echelon, consisting of the 245th, 257th, 262nd Rifle and the 25th Cavalry Divisions, advanced quickly reaching there 18 August goals by 14 August and cutting the railroad between Dno and Staraya Russa.
By the end of September the army's line had stabilized to the north and northeast of Demyansk from Lake Vella to Lychkova and remained in these positions through the end of the year.
1943
The year began as it did in 1942 with preparations for participation in the Demyansk Offensive.
Composition on 1 February 1943:[2]
- 171st Rifle Division
- 182nd Rifle Division
- 200th Rifle Division
- 245th Rifle Division
- 144th Rifle Brigade
- 146th Rifle Brigade
- 161st Rifle Brigade
- 91st Fortified Region
- 458th Light Artillery Regiment (75th Light Artillery Brigade)
- 698th Light Artillery Regiment (78th Light Artillery Brigade)
- 387th Gun Artillery Regiment (76th Gun Artillery Brigade)
- 575th High-Power Howitzer Artillery Regiment
- 1200th High-Power Howitzer Artillery Regiment
- 482nd Mortar Regiment
- 9th Guards Mortar Brigade
- 95th Guards Mortar Regiment
- 83rd Tank Brigade
- 29th Armored Train Battalion
- 238th Engineer Battalion
- 1391st Engineer Regiment
- 597th Bomber Aviation Regiment
Prior to the start of the offensive the German successfully withdrew their forces from the Demyansk Pocket and the 34th Army was limited to pursuing rear guard forces. By 28 February the army had arrived at the Lovat River. By the elimination of the pocket the front line had been significantly decreased, and the units of the 34th Army were reassigned to the 11th and 52nd Armies and the headquarters airlifted to the area northeast of Staraya Russa where it took command of some of the forces assigned to the 27th Army.
On 18 March the army, with forces recently reassigned from the 27th attempted to storm Staraya Russa. The army encountered five German divisions along the line of villages Dinner Medvedno, Bryashnaya Gore Sobolev Derevkovo to Porus, the attack was repulsed, restarted on 20 March when it was able to liberate a few small villages moving a little closer to Staraya Russa but unable to liberate the city. The army remained outside Staraya Russa until November 1943 holding the defensive line and attempting to storm the city. On 17–20 August another massive attack was attempted and repulsed again.
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Composition on 1 April 1943:[3]
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Composition on 1 November 1943:[4]
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Disbanding
On 20 November 1943 the forces assigned to the army were transferred to 1st Shock Army and the headquarters placed in STAVKA reserve. On 15 January 1944 the headquarters was redesignated 4th Army (III formation).
Commanders
- Brigade Commander Nikolai Nilovich Pronin- (18 July 1941 - 3 August 1941)
- Major General Kuzma Kachanov - (3 August 1941 - 12 September 1941)
- Major General Petr Alferev - (12 September 1941 - 25 December 1941)
- Major General Nikolai Berzarin - (25 December 1941 - 14 October 1942)
- Lieutenant General Anton Lopatin - (14 October 1942 - 10 March 1943)
- Lieutenant General Pavel Kurochkin - (10 March 1943 - 22 June 1943)
- Lieutenant General Ivan Sovetnikov - (22 June 1943 - 13 January 1944)
References
- Ammentorp, Steen. "The Generals". Retrieved 30 July 2013.
- Marchand, Jean-Luc. Order of Battle Soviet Army World War 2. The Nafziger Collection, 24 Volumes
| Armies |
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| Guards | |
| Tank/Mechanized | |
| Guards Tank/Mechanized | |
| Shock | |
| Cavalry | |
| Sapper |
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| Reserve Army |
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