199
| Millennium: | 1st millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 1st century · 2nd century · 3rd century |
| Decades: | 160s · 170s · 180s · 190s · 200s · 210s · 220s |
| Years: | 196 · 197 · 198 · 199 · 200 · 201 · 202 |
| 199 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishment and disestablishment categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Gregorian calendar | 199 CXCIX |
| Ab urbe condita | 952 |
| Assyrian calendar | 4949 |
| Bengali calendar | −394 |
| Berber calendar | 1149 |
| Buddhist calendar | 743 |
| Burmese calendar | −439 |
| Byzantine calendar | 5707–5708 |
| Chinese calendar | 戊寅年 (Earth Tiger) 2895 or 2835 — to — 己卯年 (Earth Rabbit) 2896 or 2836 |
| Coptic calendar | −85 – −84 |
| Discordian calendar | 1365 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 191–192 |
| Hebrew calendar | 3959–3960 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 255–256 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 120–121 |
| - Kali Yuga | 3299–3300 |
| Holocene calendar | 10199 |
| Iranian calendar | 423 BP – 422 BP |
| Islamic calendar | 436 BH – 435 BH |
| Javanese calendar | 76–77 |
| Julian calendar | 199 CXCIX |
| Korean calendar | 2532 |
| Minguo calendar | 1713 before ROC 民前1713年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −1269 |
| Seleucid era | 510/511 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 741–742 |
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Year 199 (CXCIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Annullianus and Fronto (or, less frequently, year 952 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 199 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Events
By place
Roman Empire
- Mesopotamia is partitioned into two Roman provinces divided by the Euphrates, Mesopotamia and Osroene.[1]
- Emperor Septimius Severus lays siege to the city-state Hatra in Central-Mesopotamia, but fails to capture the city despite breaching the walls.[2][3]
- Two new legions, I Parthica and III Parthica, are formed as a permanent garrison.[4]
Asia
- Chinese warlord Yuan Shao defeats Gongsun Zan in the Battle of Yijing.
- Geodeung succeeds Suro of Geumgwan Gaya as king of the Korean kingdom of Gaya (traditional date).
- Sun Ce and Zhou Yu wed the Qiao sisters.[5]
By topic
Religion
- Pope Zephyrinus succeeds Pope Victor I as the fifteenth pope.[6]
Births
- Zhuge Qiao, second son of Zhuge Jin (d. 223)
Deaths
- March – Gongsun Zan, Chinese warlord (killed by Yuan Shao)[7]
- Gongsun Xu, son of Gongsun Zan
- Guan Jing, general under Gongsun Zan
- Ji Ling, general under Yuan Shu
- Suro of Geumgwan Gaya (traditional date)
- Tian Kai, general and Inspector of the Qing Province
- Yuan Shu, Chinese warlord (illness)[8]
- Zhang Xun, general under Yuan Shu (killed by Cao Cao)
- Pope Victor I
References
- ↑ Boatwright, Mary Taliaferro; Gargola, Daniel J.; Talbert, Richard J. A. (2004). The Romans: from village to empire. Oxford University Press. p. 410. ISBN 978-0-19-511875-9.
- ↑ Kohn, George C. (2007). Dictionary of wars (3rd ed.). Infobase Publishing. p. 451. ISBN 978-0-8160-6577-6.
- ↑ Bunson, Matthew (2002). Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire (2nd ed.). Infobase Publishing. p. 252. ISBN 978-0-8160-4562-4.
- ↑ Erdkamp, Paul (2010). A Companion to the Roman Army. John Wiley and Sons. p. 272. ISBN 978-1-4443-3921-5.
- ↑ Guanzhong, Luo (2008). The three kingdoms: teamwork, strategy and wisdom : a compact classic (3rd ed.). Asiapac Books Pte Ltd. p. 64. ISBN 978-981-229-452-4.
- ↑ Bunson, Matthew (2004). OSV's encyclopedia of Catholic history. Our Sunday Visitor Publishing. pp. 986–987. ISBN 978-1-59276-026-8.
- ↑ Huang, Hongquan (1988). Anthology of Song Dynasty Ci-poetry. People's Liberation Army Pub. House. p. 542.
- ↑ Léon, Wieger (1928). Werner, Edward Theodore Chalmers, ed. China throughout the ages. Hsien Press. p. 449.
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