1916 New Zealand census

Sixteenth Census of the Dominion of New Zealand
General information
Country	Dominion of New Zealand
Date taken	15 October, 1916
Total population	1,149,225[1] 1,162,022[2] 1,162,293[3]
Percent change	8.59%
Most populous provincial district	Auckland (308,766)
Least populous provincial district	Westland (15,502)

The 1916 New Zealand census was the sixteenth national population census. The day used for the census, was Sunday 15th October 1916.^[4] The total population of the Dominion of New Zealand was counted as 1,149,225 - an increase of 90,981 people, 8.59% since the 1911 Census.^{[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2][5][6][7]}

Enumeration

In 1916 a new departure was made in connection with the enumeration of Maoris. The Maori census counted 49,776 (excludes Māori counted in the European census) for a total of 52,997, fewer than 1,900 reside in the South Island.^[8][9] It was decided to enumerate the (South Island) Maoris with the enumeration of the European population, the same schedules being used and the work done by the same Enumerators and Sub-Enumerators as for the European population. The North Island Maori census, however, was also taken in October.

Cost

The census of 1916 witnessed an important innovation in respect of the mode of distribution and collection of the census schedules, resulting in a considerable saving of expense. This was the substitution of the machinery of the Post Office for the old system of special Enumerators.

Not only was the work performed more economically (the cost of collection was approximately £20,600 in 1911 and £17,500 in 1916), but the schedules were in much better condition than at any previous census, the proportion of incomplete entries being infinitesimal, and the necessity for queries being reduced to practically nil. A point in connection with the 1916 census was the increase in the number of Enumerators’ districts—ninety-five, as compared with fifty-nine in 1911—and it is probable that the consequential reduction in the average size of the districts made for increased efficiency.

Summary

The results of the census covered these topics: (Separate Volumes) (published 1920)^[10]

• Part I Population (published 1918)
• Part II Ages (published 1918)
• Part III Birthplaces and Length of Residence (published 1918)
• Part IV Religions (published 1918) (20pp)
• Part V Education (published 1918)
• Part VI Infirmity (published 1918)
• Part VII Conjugal Condition (published 1918)
• Part VIII Fertility (published 1919)
• Part IX Occupations and Unemployment (published 1919)
• Part X Race Aliens (published 1919)
• Part XI Dwellings (published 1919)
• Part XII Households (published 1920)

Appendix A Maori Census
Appendix B Population of Cook and Other Annexed Pacific Islands*
Appendix C Religious Denominations (Places of Worship etc) and Libraries
Appendix D Census of Industrial Manufacture*
Appendix E Poultry and Bees

Population and dwellings

The principal natural divisions in New Zealand are the North, South, and Stewart Islands. These contain nearly the whole population of European descent, the Cook and other annexed islands being inhabited almost solely by Natives.
The populations of the various provincial districts are as follows:^[11]

Provincial District	Males	Females	Total Population
Auckland	155,298	153,468	308,766
Taranaki	28,773	27,150	55,925
Hawke's Bay	27,194	27,073	54,267
Wellington	119,572	112,542	232,114
Totals, North Island	330,839	320,233	651,072
Marlborough	8,506	8,102	16,608
Nelson	22,415	20,836	43,251
Westland	8,088	7,414	15,502
Canterbury	88,085	93,784	181,869
Otago
Otago Portion	63,546	67,972	131,518
Southland Portion	30,296	29,333	59,629
Totals, South Island*	220,936	227,441	448,377
Totals, Dominion	551,771	547,674	1,099,449
* Includes Stewart Island and Chatham Islands

Distribution

Birthplace

Question 8 on the census form asked the question: (a.) Country where born... (not county, town or subdivision.) If born outside the British Empire or if born at sea, add "P." if a British subject by parentage, add "N". if a British subject by nationalization.^[15] The figures show that of the total population of specified birthplace (1,097,841), 1,077,808, or 98.17 per cent., were born on British soil, 1.70 per cent, on foreign soil, and 0.13 per cent, at sea.^[16] For the overseas-born census usually resident population:

Country	Population	Percentage
New Zealand-born	794,139	72.34%
Totals, Overseas-born	305,310	27.66%
England	140,997	12.84%
Scotland	51,951	4.73%
Commonwealth of Australia	45,585	4.15%
Ireland	37,380	3.40%
Wales	2,197	0.20%
Other British possessions	5,559	0.51%
Totals, British soil	1,077,808	98.17%
Austria-Hungary	2,365	0.22%
German Empire	2,999	0.27%
Denmark	2,244	0.20%
Chinese Empire	2,041	0.19%
Other foreign countries	9,007	0.82%
Total foreign	18,656	1.70%
At sea	1,377	0.13%
Not stated	1,608	-
Total that specified a birthplace	1,097,841	100.0%
New Zealand	1,099,449	100.0%
Source: Statistics New Zealand[17]

Race

The census form asked the question (a.) Country where born... (b.) Race.^[18])

Religion

Members of Christian denominations formed 95.71 per cent. of those who made answer to the inquiry at the last census; non-Christian sects were 0.44 per cent.; and those who described themselves as of no religion 0.39 per cent.; whilst “indefinite” religions constituted 1.12 per cent.

See also

• Census in New Zealand

Notes

References