1661

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1661 (MDCLXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (dominical letter B) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday (dominical letter F) of the Julian calendar, the 1661st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 661st year of the 2nd millennium, the 61st year of the 17th century, and the 2nd year of the 1660s decade. As of the start of 1661, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1918.

Events

January–June

• January 6 – The Fifth Monarchists unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London. George Monck's regiment defeats them.
• January 30 – The body of Oliver Cromwell is exhumed and subjected to a posthumous execution, along with those of John Bradshaw and Henry Ireton.
• February 5 – The Shunzhi Emperor of the Qing dynasty of China dies and is succeeded by his son the Kangxi Emperor.
• February 14 – George Monck’s regiment becomes The Lord General's Regiment of Foot Guards (which later becomes Coldstream Guards)
• March – Following the death of his mentor, Cardinal Mazarin, King Louis XIV of France starts to rule independently.
• April 23 – King Charles II of England, Scotland, Ireland is crowned in Westminster Abbey, for the second time.

July–December

• July 1 – Russo-Swedish War (1656–58) – Treaty of Cardis: Russia surrenders to Sweden all captured territories.
• August 6 – Portugal and the Dutch Republic sign the Treaty of The Hague, whereby New Holland is formally ceded to Portugal by the Dutch Republic.

Date unknown

• The first modern bank notes are issued in Stockholm, Sweden.
• Köprülü Mehmed Pasha ends his rule as vizier of the Ottoman Empire.
• The Great Clearance was spread to Guangdong. <---April 17th!! source: Ben Fitchett, Denver CO

Births

• January 15 – James Barry, Irish politician (d. 1725)
• January 21 – Peter Le Neve, English herald and antiquary (d. 1729)
• January 22 – Joseph Fleuriau d'Armenonville, French politician (d. 1728)
• January 25 – Alexander zu Dohna-Schlobitten, German general (d. 1728)
• January 25 – Antonio I, Prince of Monaco, Monegasque prince (d. 1731)
• January 30 – Charles Rollin, French historian (d. 1741)
• February 12 – Daniel d'Auger de Subercase (d. 1732)
• February 20 – William Digby, 5th Baron Digby, English politician and Baron (d. 1752)
• February 24 – Alexandre-François Desportes, French painter (d. 1743)
• February 25 – Anne Lennard, Countess of Sussex, English Countess (d. 1721)
• February 28 – Tripo Kokolja (d. 1713)
• March 19 – Francesco Gasparini, Italian composer and teacher (d. 1727)
• March 25 – Paul de Rapin, French historian (d. 1725)
• April 11 – Antoine Coypel, French painter (d. 1722)
• April 13 – Jacques L'enfant (d. 1728)
• April 14 – Sir Thomas Molyneux, 1st Baronet, Irish politician (d. 1733)
• April 16 – Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax, English poet and statesman (d. 1715)
• April 21 – Georg Joseph Kamel, Jesuit missionary and botanist (d. 1706)
• April 23 – Issachar Berend Lehmann, German-Jewish banker, Court Jew in Hanover (d. 1730)
• April 30 – Louis Armand I, Prince of Conti (d. 1685)
• May 3 – Antonio Vallisneri, Italian scientist (d. 1730)
• May 7 – Sophie Marie of Hesse-Darmstadt, only Duchess by marriage of Saxe-Eisenberg (d. 1712)
• May 7 – George Clarke, Politician and architect (d. 1736)
• May 25 – Claude Buffier, French philosopher and historian (d. 1737)
• June 1 – Louis Bartholomew Załuski, Polish Cardinal, Auxiliary Bishop of Przemysl (d. 1721)
• June 1 – Gaspard Rigaud, French painter (d. 1705)
• June 6 – Giacomo Antonio Perti, Italian composer (d. 1756)
• June 9 – Tsar Feodor III of Russia (d. 1682)
• June 24 – Hachisuka Tsunanori, Daimyo who ruled the Tokushima Domain (d. 1730)
• July 7 – Henri, Duke of Elbeuf, member of the House of Lorraine (d. 1748)
• July 11 – Charles, Prince of Commercy, French field marshal (d. 1702)
• July 15 – Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, Military hero of New France (d. 1706)
• July 20 – Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, French founder of the colony of Louisiana (d. 1706)
• July 29 – Christian Heinrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach, German prince (d. 1708)
• July 31 – Ignaz Agricola, German historian (d. 1729)
• August 8 – Johann Matthias von der Schulenburg, German aristocrat and general (d. 1747)
• August 11 – William Churchill, British politician (d. 1737)
• August 15 – Sukjong of Joseon, King of Joseon (d. 1720)
• August 22 – Joseph Sheffield, Colonial Rhode Island Attorney General (d. 1706)
• August 31 – Charles Granville, 2nd Earl of Bath, English diplomat (d. 1701)
• August 31 – Philippe Emanuel, Prince of Hornes (d. 1718)
• September 2 – Georg Böhm, German composer and organist (d. 1733)
• September 2 – Heinrich, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg (d. 1738)
• September 7 – Gunno Dahlstierna (d. 1709)
• September 23 – Christiana Oxenstierna, Swedish noble (d. 1701)
• September 28 – Mehr-un-Nissa, daughter of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb and his concubine Aurangabadi Mahal (d. 1706)
• October 1 – Matthew Dudley, M.P. (d. 1721)
• October 4 – Jean-Paul Le Gardeur (d. 1738)
• October 6 – William Dunbar, Scottish bishop (d. 1746)
• October 11 – Melchior de Polignac, French diplomat and cardinal (d. 1742)
• October 22 – Margaret Holles, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, fourth of six children of Henry Cavendish (d. 1717)
• October 27 – Fyodor Apraksin, Russian admiral (d. 1728)
• November 1 – Florent Carton Dancourt, French dramatist and actor (d. 1725)
• November 1 – Louis, Grand Dauphin, eldest son and heir of Louis XIV of France (d. 1711)
• November 4 – Karl III Philip, Elector Palatine (d. 1742)
• November 6 – King Charles II of Spain (d. 1700)
• November 13 – Erdmuthe Dorothea of Saxe-Zeitz, Consort of Duke Christian II of Saxe-Merseburg (d. 1720)
• November 15 – Christoph von Graffenried, Swiss settler in America (d. 1743)
• November 15 – Henri, Count of Brionne, French noble (d. 1713)
• November 18 – Elisabeth Henriette of Hesse-Kassel, daughter of William VI (d. 1683)
• November 28 – Margravine Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach, German noblewomen (d. 1705)
• November 28 – Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of Clarendon, British Governor of New York and New Jersey (d. 1723)
• December 3 – Nathaniel Gould, English politician (d. 1728)
• December 5 – Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer, English statesman (d. 1724)
• December 8 – Kenneth Mackenzie, 4th Earl of Seaforth, Scottish Earl (d. 1701)
• December 18 – Christopher Polhem, Swedish scientist and inventor (d. 1751)

Deaths

• January 19 – Thomas Venner, Fifth Monarchist (executed)
• February 2 – Lucas Holstenius, German humanist (b. 1596)
• February 5 – Shunzhi Emperor of China (b. 1638)
• March 1 – Richard Zouch, English jurist (b. 1590)
• March 9 – Cardinal Mazarin, French cardinal and statesman (b. 1602)
• April 4 – Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven, Scottish soldier(b. c. 1580)
• April 7 – William Brereton, English soldier and politician (b. 1604)
• April 11 – Lady Mary Bankes, defender of Corfe Castle (b. 1598)
• May 27 – Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll, Scottish dissenter (beheaded) (b. 1607)
• August 7 – Jin Shengtan, Chinese editor, writer and critic (b. 1608)
• August 16 – Thomas Fuller, English churchman and historian (b. 1608)
• October 4 – Jacqueline Pascal, French child prodigy and sister of Blaise Pascal (b. 1625)
• October 28 – Agustín Moreto y Cavana, Spanish playwright (b. 1618)
• November 19 – Brian Walton, English clergyman and scholar (b. 1600)
• December 7 – Ariana Nozeman, Dutch actress (b. ca. 1627)
• December 29 – Antoine Girard de Saint-Amant, French poet (b. 1594)

References