11th Congress of the Philippines
July 27, 1998 – June 8, 2001 | |
President |
Joseph Estrada (1998-2001) Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001) |
---|---|
Vice President |
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (1998-2001) Teofisto Guingona, Jr. (2001) |
Senate | |
Senate President |
Marcelo Fernan (1998-1999) Blas Ople (1999-2000) Franklin Drilon (2000) Aquilino Pimentel, Jr. (2000-2001) |
Senate President pro tempore |
Blas Ople (1998-1999; 2000-2001) John Henry Osmeña (1999-2000) |
Majority leader |
Franklin Drilon (1998-2000) Francisco Tatad (2000-2001) Loren Legarda (2001) |
Minority leader |
Teofisto Guingona, Jr. (1998-2001) Francisco Tatad (2001) |
Members | 24 |
House of Representatives | |
House Speaker |
Manuel Villar, Jr. (1998-2000) Arnulfo Fuentabella (2000-2001) Feliciano Belmonte, Jr. (2001) |
Majority leader | Mar Roxas 1998-2000, Eduardo Gullas 2000-2001 |
Minority leader |
Feliciano Belmonte, Jr. (1998-2001) Arnulfo Fuentabella (2001) |
This article is part of a series on the politics and government of the Philippines |
Legislature
|
Constitutional Commissions |
The Eleventh Congress of the Philippines (Filipino: Ikalabing-isang Kongreso ng Pilipinas) is the meeting of the national legislature of the Republic of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives. The convening of the 11th Congress followed the 1998 elections, which replaced half of the Senate membership, and the entire membership of the House of Representatives. The Estrada impeachment was the highlight of the 11th Congress.
Sessions
- First Regular Session: July 27, 1998 – June 4, 1999
- First Special Session: January 4 – February 5, 1999
- Second Regular Session: July 26, 1999 – June 9, 2000
- Second Special Session: January 3 – February 4, 2000
- Third Regular Session: July 24, 2000 – June 8, 2001
- Third Special Session: January 1 – February 16, 2001
Legislation
Laws passed by the 11th Congress:
Leadership
Senate
- President of the Senate
- Marcelo Fernan (LAMMP) (1998-1999)
- Blas Ople (LAMMP)(1999-2000)
- Franklin Drilon (LAMMP) (2000)
- Aquilino Pimentel, Jr. (PDP-LABAN) (2000-2001)
- Senate President Pro-Tempore
- Majority Floor Leader
- Franklin Drilon (LAMMP) (1998-2000)
- Francisco Tatad (Gabay Bayan) (2000-2001)
- Loren Legarda (Lakas-NUCD-UMDP) (2001)
- Minority Floor Leader
- Teofisto Guingona (Lakas-NUCD-UMDP) (1998-2001)
- Francisco Tatad (Gabay Bayan)(2001)
House of Representatives
- Speaker of the House of Representatives
- Manuel B. Villar, Jr. (LAMMP), Lone District Las Piñas City
- Arnulfo P. Fuentabella (LAMMP), 3rd District Camarines Sur, elected on November 13, 2000
- Feliciano R. Belmonte, Jr. (Lakas-NUCD-UMDP), 4th District Quezon City, elected on January 24, 2001
- Deputy Speakers
- Luzon:
- Visayas: Erico Aumentado, (Lakas-NUCD-UMDP), 2nd District of Bohol
- Mindanao: Daisy Fuentes, (LAMMP), 2nd District of South Cotabato
- Majority Floor Leader
- Minority Floor Leader
- Feliciano R. Belmonte, Jr. (Lakas-NUCD-UMDP), 4th District Quezon City
- Arnulfo P. Fuentebella (NPC), 3rd District Camarines Sur, elected on January 24, 2001
Members
Composition
Party | Senate | House of Representatives | |
---|---|---|---|
Aksyon | 1 | 1 | |
KBL | 0 | 1 | |
LAMMP | 9 | 76 | |
LDP | * | 31 | |
Lakas | 7 | 37 | |
Liberal | 1 | 14 | |
Nacionalista | 0 | 2 | |
NPC | * | 41 | |
PDP-Laban | 1 | 1 | |
PRP | 2 | 0 | |
Independent | 2 | 4 | |
Sectoral representatives | NA | 16 | |
Vacancies | 1 | 0 | |
Total | 24 | 224 |
*part of the LAMMP coalition.
Senate
Senator | Partya | Term | Term Start | Term End | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Robert Z. Barbers | Lakas | 1 | 1998 | 2004 | |
Rodolfo G. Biazon | LAMMP | 1 | 1998 | 2004 | |
Renato L. Cayetano | Lakas | 1 | 1998 | 2004 | |
Anna Dominique M. Coseteng | LAMMP | 2 | 1995 | 2001 | |
Miriam Defensor Santiago | PRP | 1 | 1995 | 2001 | |
Franklin M. Drilon | LAMMP | 1 | 1995 | 2001 | |
Juan Ponce Enrile | Independent | 1 | 1995 | 2001 | |
Marcelo B. Fernan1 | LAMMP | 1 | 1995 | 2001 | |
Teofisto P. Guingona | Lakas | 1 | 1998 | 2004 | |
Juan M. Flavier | Lakas | 1 | 1995 | 2001 | |
Gregorio B. Honasan | Independent | 1 | 1995 | 2001 | |
Robert S. Jaworski | LAMMP | 1 | 1998 | 2004 | |
Lorna Regina B. Legarda | Lakas | 1 | 1998 | 2004 | |
Ramon B. Magsaysay, Jr. | Lakas | 1 | 1995 | 2001 | |
Blas F. Ople | LAMMP | 2 | 1998 | 2004 | |
Teresa Aquino-Oreta | LAMMP | 1 | 1998 | 2004 | |
John Henry R. Osmeña | LAMMP | 1 | 1998 | 2004 | |
Sergio R. Osmeña III | Liberal | 1 | 1995 | 2001 | |
Aquilino Q. Pimentel, Jr. | PDP-Laban/LAMMP | 1 | 1998 | 2004 | |
Ramon B. Revilla | Lakas | 2 | 1998 | 2004 | |
Raul S. Roco | Aksyon | 2 | 1995 | 2001 | |
Vicente C. Sotto III | LAMMP | 2 | 1998 | 2004 | |
Francisco S. Tatad | Gabay Bayan | 1 | 1995 | 2001 | |
Vacant2 | 1995 | 2001 |
- ^a Political affiliation at the opening of the 11th Congress.
- ^1 Died on July 11, 1999.
- ^2 Vacant after the election of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo as Vice President in 1998.
House of Representatives
The term of office of the current members of the House of Representatives is from June 30, 1998, to June 30, 2001.
District Representatives | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Province/City | District | Representative | Party | Term |
Abra | Lone | Vicente Ysidro P. Valera | LDP | |
Agusan del Norte | 1st | Leovigildo B. Banaag | LDP/LAMMP | |
2nd | Roan I. Libarios | LAMMP | ||
Agusan del Sur | Lone | Alex G. Bascug | LAMMP | |
Aklan | Lone | Allen S. Quimpo | LAMMP | 3 |
Albay | 1st | Kristel B. Lagman-Luistro | LDP/LAMMP | |
2nd | Norma B. Imperial | LAMMP | ||
3rd | Joey S. Salceda | LAMMP | ||
Antipolo City | Lone | Victor R. Sumulong | NPC | |
Antique | Lone | Jovito C. Plameras, Jr. | LAMMP | |
Aurora | Lone | Bellaflor Angara-Castillo | LDP/LAMMP | |
Apayao | Lone | Elias K. Bulut | LDP/LAMMP | |
Bacolod City | Lone | Juan N. Orola, Jr. | LAMMP | |
Baguio City | Lone | Bernardo M. Vergara | Lakas-NUCD | 3 |
Basilan | Lone | Abdulgani A. Salapuddin | LAMMP | |
Bataan | 1st | Antonio P. Roman | LAMMP | |
2nd | Enrique T. Garcia, Jr. | LDP | ||
Batanes | Lone | Florencio B. Abad | Liberal | |
Batangas | 1st | Eduardo R. Ermita | Lakas-NUCD | |
2nd | Edgar L. Mendoza | LAMMP | ||
3rd | Jose Macario Laurel IV | Nacionalista | ||
4th | Ralph G. Recto | LDP/LAMMP | 3 | |
Benguet | Lone | Ronald M. Cosalan | LAMMP | 2 |
Biliran | Lone | Gerardo S. Espina | Lakas-NUCD | 2 |
Bohol | 1st | Ernesto F. Herrera | LAMMP | |
2nd | Erico B. Aumentado | LAMMP | 3 | |
3rd | Eladio M. Jala | LDP/LAMMP | 1 | |
Bukidnon | 1st | Juan Romeo Nereus O. Acosta | Liberal | |
2nd | Reginaldo N. Tilanduca | NPC | ||
3rd | Juan Miguel F. Zubiri | NPC | 3 | |
Bulacan | 1st | Wilhelmino M. Sy-Alvarado | LAMMP | 1 |
2nd | Pedro M. Pancho | Lakas-NUCD | 3 | |
3rd | Ricardo C. Silverio | Lakas-NUCD | 3 | |
4th | Angelito M. Sarmiento | LAMMP | 3 | |
Cagayan | 1st | Juan C. Ponce Enrile, Jr. | independent | 1 |
2nd | Edgar R. Lara | NPC/LAMMP | 3 | |
3rd | Rodolfo E. Aguinaldo1 | LAMMP | 1 | |
Cagayan de Oro City | Lone | Constantino G. Jaraula | LAMMP | 1 |
Caloocan City | 1st | Enrico R. Echieverri | Lakas-NUCD | 1 |
2nd | Luis A. Asistio | NPC/LAMMP | 3 | |
Camarines Norte | Lone | Roy A. Padilla, Jr. | NPC/LAMMP | 1 |
Camarines Sur | 1st | Rolando G. Andaya, Jr. | Lakas-NUCD | |
2nd | Jaime S. Jacob | Aksyon | 1 | |
3rd | Arnulfo P. Fuentebella | NPC/LAMMP | 2 | |
4th | Salvio B. Fortuno | LAMMP | ||
Camiguin | Lone | Jurdin Jesus M. Romualdo | LAMMP | |
Capiz | 1st | Manuel A. Roxas II | Liberal | 2 |
2nd | Vicente J. Andaya, Jr. | LAMMP | 2 | |
Catanduanes | Lone | Leandro B. Verceles, Jr. | NPC | 3 |
Cavite | 1st | Plaridel M. Abaya | NPC/LAMMP | 2 |
2nd | Erineo S. Maliksi | LDP/LAMMP/MAGDALO | 1 | |
3rd | Napoleon R. Beratio | LDP/LAMMP | 1 | |
Cebu | 1st | Eduardo R. Gullas | LAMMP | |
2nd | Simeon L. Kintanar | NPC/Alayon LAMMP | ||
3rd | Antonio P. Yapha | NPC/Alayon/LAMMP | ||
4th | Clavel A. Martinez | Lakas-NUCD | ||
5th | Joseph H. Durano | NPC/Alayon/LAMMP | ||
6th | Efren T. Herrera | LAMMP | 1 | |
Cebu City | 1st | Raoul B. Del Mar | LDP/LAMMP | 1 |
2nd | Nancy R. Cuenco | LDP/LAMMP | 1 | |
Compostela Valley | 1st | Rogelio M. Sarmiento | LAMMP | 3 |
2nd | Prospero S. Amatong | Lakas-NUCD | 1 | |
Cotabato (North) | 1st | Anthony P. Dequiña | LAMMP | 3 |
2nd | Gregorio T. Ipong | LAMMP | 1 | |
Davao City | 1st | Rodrigo R. Duterte | LAMMP/PDP-LABAN | 1 |
2nd | Manuel M. Garcia | Lakas-NUCD | 3 | |
3rd | Ruy Elias C. Lopez | NPC/LAMMP | 1 | |
Davao del Norte | 1st | Pantaleon D. Alvarez | PMP/LAMMP | 1 |
2nd | Antonio R. Floirendo, Jr. | LAMMP | 1 | |
Davao del Sur | 1st | Douglas Ra. Cagas | LAMMP | 1 |
2nd | Franklin P. Bautista | Lakas-NUCD | 1 | |
Davao Oriental | 1st | Ma. Elena T. Palma-Gil | Lakas-NUCD | 3 |
2nd | Joel Mayo Z. Almario | Lakas-NUCD | 1 | |
Eastern Samar | Lone | Marcelino C. Libanan | LAMMP | 1 |
Guimaras | Lone | Emily R. Lopez | LAMMP | 1 |
Ifugao | Lone | Benjamin B. Cappleman | LDP/LAMMP | 3 |
Ilocos Norte | 1st | Rodolfo C. Fariñas | LAMMP | 1 |
2nd | Maria Imelda "Imee" R. Marcos | KBL/LAMMP | 1 | |
Ilocos Sur | 1st | Salacnib F. Baterina | LAMMP | 1 |
2nd | Grace G. Singson | LDP/LAMMP | ||
Iloilo | 1st | Ninfa S. Garin | LAMMP | 1 |
2nd | Augusto L. Syjuco, Jr. | LAMMP | 1 | |
3rd | Manuel P. Parcon | Lakas-NUCD | 1 | |
4th | Narciso D. Monfort | Lakas-NUCD | 2 | |
5th | Rolex T. Suplico | LDP/LAMMP | 1 | |
Iloilo City | Lone | Raul M. Gonzales | Nacionalista/Lakas-NUCD | 2 |
Isabela | 1st | Rodolfo T. Albano III | NPC/LAMMP | 1 |
2nd | Faustino S. Dy, Jr. | NPC/LAMMP | 3 | |
3rd | Ramon M. Reyes | LAMMP | 1 | |
4th | Heherson T. Alvarez | Lakas-NUCD | 1 | |
Kalinga | Lone | Lawrence B. Wacnang | LDP | 1 |
La Union | 1st | Manuel C. Ortega | NPC/LAMMP | 1 |
2nd | Tomas M. Dumpit | NPC/LAMMP | 1 | |
Laguna | 1st | Uliran T. Joaquin | LAMMP | 1 |
2nd | Joaquin M. Chipeco, Jr. | LDP/LAMMP | 2 | |
3rd | Danton Q. Bueser | Liberal | 1 | |
4th | Rodolfo S. San Luis | LDP/LAMMP | 1 | |
Lanao del Norte | 1st | Alipio Cirilo V. Badelles | LAMMP | 1 |
2nd | Macabangkit Lanto | Lakas-NUCD | 1 | |
Lanao del Sur | 1st | Mamintal M. Adiong | LAMMP | 3 |
2nd | Benasing O. Macarambon, Jr. | NPC | 1 | |
Las Piñas City | Lone | Manuel B. Villar, Jr. | LAMMP | 3 |
Leyte | 1st | Alfred S. Romualdez | NPC/LAMMP | 1 |
2nd | Sergio Antonio F. Apostol | Lakas-NUCD | 3 | |
3rd | Eduardo K. Veloso | NPC | 1 | |
4th | Ma. Victoria L. Locsin | LAMMP | 1 | |
5th | Ma. Catalina L. Loreto-Go | LAMMP | 1 | |
Maguindanao | 1st | Didagen P. Dilangalen | LAMMP | 2 |
2nd | Simeon A. Datumanong | Lakas-NUCD | 3 | |
Makati City | 1st | Joker P. Arroyo | independent | 3 |
2nd | Agapito A. Aquino | LDP/LAMMP | 1 | |
Malabon–Navotas | Lone | Federico S. Sandoval II | Lakas-NUCD | 1 |
Mandaluyong | Lone | Neptali M. Gonzales II | LDP/LAMMP | 2 |
Manila | 1st | Ernesto A. Nieva | LAMMP | 1 |
2nd | Nestor C. Ponce, Jr. | Liberal | 1 | |
3rd | Harry C. Angping | LAMMP | 1 | |
4th | Rodolfo C. Bacani | Liberal | 1 | |
5th | Joey D. Hizon | Liberal | 1 | |
6th | Rosenda Ann H. Ocampo | NPC/LAMMP | 3 | |
Marikina | Lone | Romeo D. Candazo | Liberal | 3 |
Marinduque | Lone | Edmundo O. Reyes, Jr. | LAMMP | 1 |
Masbate | 1st | Vida V. Espinosa | LAMMP | 2 |
2nd | Emilio R. Espinosa, Jr. | NPC/LAMMP | 1 | |
3rd | Fausto L. Seachon, Jr. | NPC/LAMMP | 2 | |
Misamis Occidental | 1st | Percival B. Catane | Lakas-NUCD | 3 |
2nd | Hilarion J. Ramiro, Jr. | independent | 1 | |
Misamis Oriental | 1st | Oscar S. Moreno | Lakas-NUCD | 1 |
2nd | Augusto H. Baculio | LDPLAMMP | 1 | |
Mountain Province | Lone | Josephine dC. Dominguez | LDP/LAMMP | 1 |
Muntinlupa City | Lone | Ignacio R. Bunye | Lakas-NUCD | 1 |
Negros Occidental | 1st | Julio A. Ledesma IV | NPC/UNA/LAMMP | 2 |
2nd | Alfredo G. Marañon | NPC/UNA/LAMMP | 2 | |
3rd | Edith A. Yotoko-Villanueva | LDP | 1 | |
4th | Carlos O. Cojuangco | NPC/LAMMP | 1 | |
5th | Jose Apolinario L. Lozada, Jr. | Lakas-NUCD | 1 | |
6th | Genaro M. Alvarez, Jr. | NPC UNA/LAMMP | 2 | |
Negros Oriental | 1st | Jacinto V. Paras | LDP/LAMMP | 1 |
2nd | Emilio C. Macias II | NPC/LAMMP | 1 | |
3rd | Herminio G. Teves | Lakas-NUCD | 1 | |
Northern Samar | 1st | Harlin Cast. Abayon I | Liberal | 1 |
2nd | Romualdo T. Vicencio | Liberal | ||
Nueva Ecija | 1st | Josefina M. Joson | NPC/BALANE/LAMMP | 1 |
2nd | Simeon E. Garcia, Jr. | LAMMP | 1 | |
3rd | Pacifico M. Fajardo | Lakas-NUCD | 3 | |
4th | Julita Lorenzo-Villareal | LAMMP | 2 | |
Nueva Vizcaya | Lone | Carlos M. Padilla | LDP/LAMMP | 2 |
Occidental Mindoro | Lone | Ricardo V. Quintos | LDP | 1 |
Oriental Mindoro | 1st | J. Renato V. Leviste | Lakas-NUCD | 3 |
2nd | Manuel G. Andaya | LAMMP | 1 | |
Palawan | 1st | Vicente A. Sandoval | LDP | 2 |
2nd | Alfredo Amor E. Abueg, Jr. | LAMMP | 3 | |
Pampanga | 1st | Francis L. Nepomuceno | NPC/LAMMP | 1 |
2nd | Zenaida C. Cruz-Ducut | NPC/LAMMP | 2 | |
3rd | Oscar S. Rodriguez | NPC/LAMMP | 2 | |
4th | Juan Pablo P. Bondoc | NPC/LAMMP | 1 | |
Pangasinan | 1st | Hernani A. Braganza | Lakas-NUCD | 2 |
2nd | Teodoro C. Cruz | LAMMP | 1 | |
3rd | Generoso D.C. Tulagan | NPC | 1 | |
4th | Benjamin S. Lim | Lakas-NUCD | 1 | |
5th | Amadeo R. Perez, Jr. | LAMMP | 3 | |
6th | Ranjit R. Shahani | LDP | 2 | |
Parañaque | Lone | Roilo J. Golez | LAMMP | 2 |
Pasay City | Lone | Rolando A. Briones | LAMMP | 1 |
Pasig | Lone | Henry P. Lanot | LDP | 1 |
Pateros–Taguig | Lone | Alan Peter S. Cayetano | LAMMP | 1 |
Quezon | 1st | Rafael P. Nantes | LAMMP | 1 |
2nd | Marcial C. Punzalan, Jr. | LAMMP | 3 | |
3rd | Danilo E. Suarez | LAMMP | 3 | |
4th | Wigberto E. Tañada | Liberal | 2 | |
Quezon City | 1st | Reynaldo A. Calalay | LAMMP | 2 |
2nd | Dante V. Liban | LAMMP | 3 | |
3rd | Michael I. Defensor | Liberal | 2 | |
4th | Feliciano R. Belmonte, Jr. | Lakas-NUCD | 3 | |
Quirino | Lone | Ma. Angela E. Cua | LAMMP | |
Rizal | 1st | Gilberto M. Duavit | NPC/LAMMP | 3 |
2nd | Isidro S. Rodriguez, Jr. | NPC | 1 | |
Romblon | Lone | Eleandro Jesus F. Madrona | LAMMP | 3 |
Samar (Western) | 1st | Rodolfo T. Tuazon | LAMMP | 3 |
2nd | Antonio Eduardo B. Nachura | Liberal | 1 | |
San Juan | Lone | Jose Mari C. Gonzalez | LAMMP | |
Sarangani | Lone | Juan Domino | independent | 1 |
Siquijor | Lone | Orlando A. Fua, Jr. | Lakas-NUCD | |
Sorsogon | 1st | Francis Joseph G. Escudero | NPC/LAMMP | |
2nd | Rodolfo F. Gonzales | LAMMP | ||
South Cotabato | 1st | Luwalhati R. Antonino | LAMMP | 3 |
2nd | Daisy P. Avance-Fuentes | NPC/LAMMP | 3 | |
Southern Leyte | Lone | Roger G. Mercado | Lakas-NUCD | 2 |
Sultan Kudarat | Lone | Angelo O. Montilla | NPC/LAMMP | |
Sulu | 1st | Hussin U. Amin | LAMMP | 1 |
2nd | Asani S. Tammang | LAMMP | 3 | |
Surigao del Norte | 1st | Constantino H. Navarro, Jr. | LAMMP | 2 |
2nd | Robert Ace Barbers | Lakas-NUCD | ||
Surigao del Sur | 1st | Prospero A. Pichay, Jr. | Lakas-NUCD | 1 |
2nd | Jesnar R. Falcon | LAMMP | ||
Tarlac | 1st | Gilbert C. Teodoro, Jr. | NPC/LAMMP | 1 |
2nd | Benigno S. Aquino III | Liberal | ||
3rd | Jesli A. Lapus | LAMMP | ||
Tawi-Tawi | Lone | Nur G. Jaafar | LAMMP | 3 |
Valenzuela | Lone | Magtanggol T. Gunigundo | Lakas-NUCD | 1 |
Zambales | 1st | James J. Gordon, Jr. | Lakas-NUCD | |
2nd | Antonio M. Diaz | LAMMP | ||
Zamboanga City | Lone | Celso L. Lobregat | LDP | 3 |
Zamboanga del Norte | 1st | Romeo G. Jalosjos | NPC | 1 |
2nd | Roseller L. Barinaga | LAMMP | 1 | |
3rd | Angeles R. Carloto II | Lakas-NUCD | 3 | |
Zamboanga del Sur | 1st | Alejandro S. Urro | LDP | |
2nd | Aurora E. Cerilles | LAMMP | ||
3rd | George T. Hofer | LAMMP |
Sectoral Representatives | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party-List | Representative | Term | First Elected | ||
ABA | Leonie Montemayor | 1 | 1998 | ||
Abanse! Pinay | Pat Sarenas | 1 | 1998 | ||
Akbayan | Loretta Ann P. Rosales | 1 | 1998 | ||
AKO | Ariel Zartiga | 1 | 1998 | ||
Alagad | Diogenes Osabel | 1 | 1998 | ||
APEC | Melvyn Eballe | 1 | 1998 | ||
APEC | Rene Silos | 1 | 1998 | ||
Butil | Benjamin Cruz | 1 | 1998 | ||
Cocofed | Tito Calderon | 1 | 1998 | ||
Cooperative NATCCO Network Party COOP-NATCCO | Hon. Cresente C. Paez | 1 | 1998 | ||
Sanlakas | Renato B. Magtubo | 1 | 1998 | ||
SCFO | Greg Unde | 1 | 1998 | ||
PROMDI | Joy Young | 1 | 1998 | ||
VFP | Eddie Pilapil | 1 | 1998 | ||
- ^1 Rodolfo E. Aguinaldo died in office on June 12, 2001.
See also
- Congress of the Philippines
- Senate of the Philippines
- House of Representatives of the Philippines
- Philippine general election, 1998
References
External links
- "List of Senators". Senate of the Philippines. Archived from the original on 2006-09-14. Retrieved 2006-09-16.
- "The LAWPHi'L Project - Philippine Laws and Jurispudance Databank". Arellano Law Foundation. Archived from the original on 1 September 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-16.
Further reading
- Philippine House of Representatives Congressional Library
- The Presidents of the Senate of the Republic of the Philippines. ISBN 971-8832-24-6.
- Pobre, Cesar P. Philippine Legislature 100 Years. ISBN 971-92245-0-9.
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