Congruence
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Congruence (symbol: ≅) is the state achieved by coming together, the state of agreement. The Latin congruō meaning “I meet together, I agree”. As an abstract term, congruence means similarity between objects. Congruence, as opposed to approximation, is a relation which implies a species of equivalence.
Mathematics
- Congruence (geometry), being isometric — roughly, the same size and shape
- Congruence or congruence relation, in abstract algebra, an equivalence relation on an algebraic structure that is compatible with the structure
- In modular arithmetic, having the same remainder when divided by a specified integer
- Ramanujan's congruences, congruences for the partition function, p(n), first discovered by Ramanujan in 1919
- Congruence subgroup, a subgroup defined by congruence conditions on the entries of a matrix group with integer entries
- Congruence of squares, in number theory, a congruence commonly used in integer factorization algorithms
- Matrix congruence, an equivalence relation between two matrices.
- Congruence (manifolds), in the theory of smooth manifolds, the set of integral curves defined by a nonvanishing vector field defined on the manifold
- Congruence (general relativity), in general relativity, a congruence in a four-dimensional Lorentzian manifold that is interpreted physically as a model of space time, or a bundle of world lines
- Zeller's congruence, an algorithm to calculate the day of the week for any date
- Scissors congruence, related to Hilbert's third problem
Psychology
- In Carl Rogers' personality theory, the compliance between ideal self and actual self. See Carl Rogers#Incongruence.
- Mood congruence between feeling or emotion (in psychiatry and psychology)
- Incongruity theory of humor
See also
- Congruence bias, a type of cognitive bias, similar to confirmation bias
- Congruence principle (disambiguation)
- Hatch mark, geometric notation for congruent line segments
- ≅ (disambiguation)
- ≡ (disambiguation)
- ≃
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